Nose-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in the rodent upper respiratory tract develops postnatally and is considered to be independent of several factors known to be involved in the organogenesis of LN and Peyer's patches (PP). In this study we demonstrate that at least two different pathways result in NALT development. Following NALT anlage formation the intrinsic pathway relies on a signaling cascade including those mediated through the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR). This allows for the formation of high endothelial venules and thereby the recruitment of lymphocytes into NALT. Alternatively, high endothelial venule formation and lymphocyte recruitment can be induced in the NALT anlage by environmental signals, which are independent of LT-betaR and chemokine receptor CXCR5 signaling but in part rely on CD40 ligand. Thus, our study identifies a novel mechanism that facilitates the rescue of NALT development at late stages in adult life independent of the canonical LTbetaR-CXCR5 signaling axis.

中文翻译：

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与LTbetaR和CXCR5信号传导无关的与鼻子相关的淋巴样组织（NALT）发育的抗原依赖性拯救。

啮齿动物上呼吸道中的鼻子相关淋巴样组织（NALT）在出生后发育，并被认为独立于已知与LN和Peyer斑块（PP）的器官发生有关的几个因素。在这项研究中，我们证明了至少两种不同的途径导致NALT的发展。在形成NALT后，内在途径依赖于信号级联反应，包括通过趋化因子受体CXCR5和淋巴毒素β受体（LTbetaR）介导的那些。这允许形成高内皮小静脉，从而使淋巴细胞募集到NALT中。或者，可以通过环境信号在NALT血管中诱导高内皮小静脉形成和淋巴细胞募集，它们独立于LT-betaR和趋化因子受体CXCR5信号传导，但部分依赖CD40配体。因此，我们的研究确定了一种独立于规范LTbetaR-CXCR5信号轴的，可促进成年后期晚期NALT发育抢救的新机制。