The homologous recombination (HR) machinery plays multiple roles in genome maintenance. Best studied in the context of DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair, recombination enzymes can cleave, pair, and unwind DNA molecules, and collaborate with regulatory proteins to execute multiple DNA processing steps before generating specific repair products. HR proteins also help to cope with problems arising from DNA replication, modulating impaired replication forks or filling DNA gaps. Given these important roles, it is not surprising that each HR step is subject to complex regulation to adjust repair efficiency and outcomes as well as to limit toxic intermediates. Recent studies have revealed intricate regulation of all steps of HR by the protein modifier SUMO, which has been increasingly recognized for its broad influence in nuclear functions. This review aims to connect established roles of SUMO with its newly identified effects on recombinational repair and stimulate further thought on many unanswered questions.

中文翻译：

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基于SUMO的同源重组机制控制。

同源重组（HR）机制在基因组维持中起着多种作用。在DNA双链断裂（DSB）修复的背景下进行了最深入的研究，重组酶可以切割，配对和解旋DNA分子，并与调节蛋白协作以执行多个DNA处理步骤，然后生成特定的修复产物。HR蛋白还有助于解决DNA复制，调节受损的复制叉或填补DNA缺口等问题。鉴于这些重要的作用，因此，每个HR步骤都要经过复杂的调节以调节修复效率和结果以及限制有毒中间产物也就不足为奇了。最近的研究表明，蛋白质修饰剂SUMO对HR的所有步骤都有复杂的调节作用，SUMO因其对核功能的广泛影响而日益受到认可。