A high proportion of adults who sustain a concussion identify changes in their sleep during the acute stage, typically reporting an increased need for sleep or nonrestful sleep. Our understanding of sleep following concussion is less well understood within a pediatric population. In this study, we investigated the trajectory of sleep and daytime sleepiness in a prospective cohort of 40 children and youth (6-18 years old) with concussion, 40 age-and sex-matched healthy children and youth, and 40 with upper-extremity orthopedic injury. Evaluations occurred during the acute stage (<2 weeks) and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month postinjury using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Postconcussion Symptom Scale. There were no significant differences within- or between-group differences in sleep across all four time points with analysis of the groups as a whole. When groups were divided by age (6-11 and 12- < 18 years), there was a significant difference in the ability to initiate sleep for the younger concussed group during the acute stage, compared with healthy controls, as well as significantly greater daytime nap duration that decreased over time. Significant correlations were also found between the frequency and duration of daytime naps and Postconcussion Symptom Scale total score and subscores (cognitive, physical/migraine, mood, and sleep) in the concussed group during the acute stage. Our results suggest that in a group with noncomplicated concussion, children and youth have transient alterations in daytime sleepiness that are related to concussion symptoms. Younger children may be more vulnerable to disturbances in sleep and daytime wakefulness.

中文翻译：

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对患有脑震荡的儿童和青少年的睡眠和白天清醒进行纵向调查。

患有脑震荡的成年人中有很大一部分在急性阶段发现他们的睡眠发生了变化，通常报告他们对睡眠或不安定睡眠的需求增加。在小儿人群中，我们对脑震荡后睡眠的了解较少。在这项研究中，我们调查了40名患有脑震荡的儿童和青少年（6-18岁），40名年龄和性别相匹配的健康儿童和青少年以及40名上肢的前瞻性队列的睡眠和白天嗜睡的轨迹骨伤。使用儿童睡眠障碍量表和脑震荡后症状量表对急性期（<2周）以及伤后3、6和12个月进行评估。从整体上对各组进行分析，所有四个时间点的组内或组间睡眠差异均无显着差异。按年龄（6-11岁和12- <18岁）分组，与健康对照组相比，年轻的脑震荡组在急性期开始睡眠的能力与健康对照组相比有显着差异，并且白天的时间明显更长午睡时间随时间而减少。在急性期，脑震荡组白天小睡的频率和持续时间与脑震荡后症状量表总分和子评分（认知，身体/偏头痛，情绪和睡眠）之间也存在显着相关性。我们的研究结果表明，在没有复杂脑震荡的人群中，儿童和青少年白天嗜睡的短暂改变与脑震荡症状有关。年幼的孩子可能更容易受到睡眠和白天清醒的干扰。