Numerous studies have highlighted a strong relationship between language and sensorimotor processes, showing, for example, that perceiving an action influences subsequent language processing. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that the context in which actions are perceived is crucial to enable this action-language relationship. In particular, action verb processing is facilitated when an action is perceived in its usual context (e.g., someone watering a plant) but not in an unusual context (e.g., someone watering a computer). This difference could be explained in terms of experience; because people always practice actions in accordance with the context, they have no (visual or motor) experience related to the unusual context. The aim of the present study was to test this assumption by assessing and comparing the effect of physical practice and observational learning on the action-language relationship. The results of two experiments showed a facilitation effect of both training methods. Whereas usual actions systematically prime action verb processing, the link between action and language appears for unusual actions only after training by practicing (experiment 1, physical practice) or observing (experiment 2, observational learning). Overall, these findings support the role of experience in the activation of sensorimotor representations during action verb processing.

中文翻译：

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异常动作的物理和观察实践会引发动作动词处理。

许多研究都强调了语言与感觉运动过程之间的密切关系，例如，表明感知动作会影响后续的语言处理。此外，以前的研究表明，感知动作的环境对于实现这种动作语言关系至关重要。特别地，当在动作的通常情况下（例如，给植物浇水）而不是在不寻常的情况下（例如，给计算机浇水）感知动作时，动作动词处理被促进。这种差异可以用经验来解释；因为人们总是根据上下文来练习动作，所以他们没有与异常上下文相关的（视觉或运动）经验。本研究的目的是通过评估和比较物理练习和观察性学习对动作语言关系的影响来检验这一假设。两个实验的结果表明两种训练方法都有促进作用。常规动作是系统地启动动作动词处理的，而动作和语言之间的联系只有在通过练习（实验1，身体练习）或观察（练习2，观察性学习）进行训练后才会出现，用于特殊动作。总的来说，这些发现支持了经验在动作动词处理过程中激活感觉运动表征中的作用。常规动作是系统地启动动作动词处理的，而动作和语言之间的联系只有在通过练习（实验1，身体练习）或观察（练习2，观察性学习）进行训练后才会出现，用于特殊动作。总的来说，这些发现支持了经验在动作动词处理过程中激活感觉运动表征中的作用。常规动作是系统地启动动作动词处理的，而动作和语言之间的联系只有在通过练习（实验1，身体练习）或观察（练习2，观察性学习）进行训练后才会出现，用于特殊动作。总体而言，这些发现支持了经验在动作动词处理过程中激活感觉运动表征中的作用。