Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis are keystone zooplankton species in North Atlantic and Arctic marine ecosystems because they form a link in the trophic transfer of nutritious lipids from phytoplankton to predators on higher trophic levels. These calanoid copepods spend several months of the year in deep waters in a dormant state called diapause, after which they emerge in surface waters to feed and reproduce during the spring phytoplankton bloom. Disruption of diapause timing could have dramatic consequences for marine ecosystems. In the present study, Calanus C5 copepodites were collected in a Norwegian fjord during diapause and were subsequently experimentally exposed to the water-soluble fraction of a naphthenic North Sea crude oil during diapause termination. The copepods were sampled repeatedly while progressing toward adulthood and were analyzed for utilization of lipid stores and for differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Our results indicate that water-soluble fraction exposure led to a temporary pause in lipid catabolism, suggested by (i) slower utilization of lipid stores in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites and (ii) more genes in the β-oxidation pathway being downregulated in water-soluble fraction-exposed C5 copepodites than in the control C5 copepodites. Because lipid content and/or composition may be an important trigger for termination of diapause, our results imply that the timing of diapause termination and subsequent migration to the surface may be delayed if copepods are exposed to oil pollution during diapause or diapause termination. This delay could have detrimental effects on ecosystem dynamics.

中文翻译：

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原油觉醒：原油对终止滞育的角足类动物脂质代谢的影响

Calanus finmarchicus 和 Calanus glacialis 是北大西洋和北极海洋生态系统中的关键浮游动物物种，因为它们在营养脂质从浮游植物到更高营养级捕食者的营养转移中形成了联系。这些桡足类动物一年中有几个月在深水中处于称为滞育的休眠状态，之后它们会在春季浮游植物大量繁殖期间出现在地表水中觅食和繁殖。滞育时间的中断可能对海洋生态系统产生严重后果。在本研究中，Calanus C5 桡足类在滞育期间在挪威峡湾中收集，随后在滞育终止期间通过实验暴露于环烷烃北海原油的水溶性部分。桡足类在进入成年期的过程中被反复取样，并分析脂质储存的利用和参与脂质代谢的基因的差异表达。我们的结果表明，水溶性部分暴露导致脂质分解代谢的暂时暂停，这表明 (i) 水溶性部分暴露的 C5 桡足类中脂质储存的利用较慢，以及 (ii) β-氧化途径中的更多基因被在水溶性部分暴露的 C5 桡足动物中比在对照 C5 桡足动物中下调。由于脂质含量和/或组成可能是终止滞育的重要触发因素，我们的结果表明，如果桡足类在滞育或滞育终止期间暴露于油污染，滞育终止和随后迁移到表面的时间可能会延迟。