Dormancy and diapause are key adaptations in many organisms, enabling survival of temporarily or seasonally unsuitable environmental conditions. In this review, we examine how our understanding of programmed developmental and metabolic arrest during diapause intersects with the increasing body of knowledge about animal co-development and co-evolution with microorganisms. Host-microbe interactions are increasingly understood to affect a number of metabolic, physiological, developmental, and behavioral traits and to mediate adaptations to various environments. Therefore, it is timely to consider how microbial factors might affect the expression and evolution of diapause in a changing world. We examine how a range of host-microbe interactions, from pathogenic to mutualistic, may have an impact on diapause phenotypes. Conversely, we examine how the discontinuities that diapause introduces into animal host generations can affect the ecology of microbial communities and the evolution of host-microbe interactions. We discuss these issues as they relate to physiology, evolution of development, local adaptation, disease ecology, and environmental change. Finally, we outline research questions that bridge the historically distinct fields of seasonal ecology and host-microbe interactions.

中文翻译：

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滞育背景下的动物-微生物相互作用

休眠和滞育是许多生物体的关键适应性，使它们能够在暂时或季节性不合适的环境条件下生存。在这篇综述中，我们研究了我们对滞育期间程序性发育和代谢停滞的理解如何与越来越多的关于动物与微生物共同发育和共同进化的知识相交。人们越来越多地理解宿主-微生物相互作用会影响许多代谢、生理、发育和行为特征，并介导对各种环境的适应。因此，在不断变化的世界中考虑微生物因素如何影响滞育的表达和进化是及时的。我们研究了一系列宿主-微生物相互作用，从致病性到共生性，可能对滞育表型产生影响。反过来，我们研究滞育引入动物宿主世代的不连续性如何影响微生物群落的生态和宿主-微生物相互作用的进化。我们讨论这些问题，因为它们与生理学、发展进化、局部适应、疾病生态学和环境变化有关。最后，我们概述了连接季节性生态学和宿主微生物相互作用历史上不同领域的研究问题。