Post-embryonic diapause in copepods is an adaptation that allows species in the copepod family Calanidae to thrive in high-latitude environments by transforming a short spring phytoplankton bloom into large numbers of lipid-rich individuals capable of surviving a long period of starvation. The copepods, with their high-energy lipid reservoirs, are a critical food source for higher trophic levels, making the Calanidae a key component of high-latitude marine ecosystems. The physiological ecology of the developmental program remains poorly understood. However, new studies using high-throughput RNA sequencing approaches are giving detailed access to physiological status by generating gene expression profiles for both field-collected and laboratory-incubated individuals. These are beginning to characterize the diapause phenotype, elucidate the transcriptional and physiological progression through the diapause program, and illustrate the effects of organism-environment interactions. This paper reviews gene expression profiling studies on the life cycle and diapause program of Neocalanus flemingeri Miller (1988) that were conducted as part of a long-term observation program in the northern Gulf of Alaska. It summarizes recent findings and relates them to the ecology of this species and to that of other calanids.

中文翻译：

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Calaniid Copepods (Calanoida: Crustacea) 生活史策略背景下的滞育

桡足类胚胎后滞育是一种适应性，通过将短暂的春季浮游植物绽放转化为能够在长期饥饿中生存的大量富含脂质的个体，使得桡足类家族 Calanidae 中的物种能够在高纬度环境中茁壮成长。桡足类具有高能量脂质库，是高营养水平的重要食物来源，使桡足类成为高纬度海洋生态系统的关键组成部分。发育程序的生理生态学仍然知之甚少。然而，使用高通量 RNA 测序方法的新研究通过为现场收集的和实验室培养的个体生成基因表达谱，提供了对生理状态的详细访问。这些开始表征滞育表型，通过滞育程序阐明转录和生理进程，并说明生物体-环境相互作用的影响。本文回顾了对 Neocalanus flemingeri Miller (1988) 生命周期和滞育计划的基因表达谱研究，这些研究是作为阿拉斯加湾北部长期观察计划的一部分进行的。它总结了最近的发现，并将它们与该物种的生态学和其他 calanids 的生态学联系起来。