Hypoxic and anoxic niches of meromictic lakes are important sites for studying the microbial ecology of conditions resembling ancient Earth. The expansion and increasing global distribution of such environments also means that information about them serves to understand future phenomena. In this study, a long-term chemical dataset (1996–2015) was explored together with seasonal (in 2015) information on the diversity and abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities residing in the chemocline, monimolimnion and surface sediment of the marine meromictic Rogoznica Lake. The results of quantitative PCR assays, and high-throughput sequencing, targeting 16S rRNA genes and transcripts, revealed a clear vertical structure of the microbial community with Gammaproteobacteria (Halochromatium) and cyanobacteria (Synechococcus spp.) dominating the chemocline, Deltaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominating the monimolimnion, and significantly more abundant archaeal populations in the surface sediment, most of which affiliated to Nanoarchaeota. Seasonal changes in the community structure and abundance were not pronounced. Diversity in Rogoznica Lake was found to be high, presumably as a consequence of stable environmental conditions accompanied by high dissolved carbon and nutrient concentrations. Long-term data indicated that Rogoznica Lake exhibited climate changes that could alter its physico-chemical features and, consequently, induce structural and physiological changes within its microbial community.

淡色湖泊的缺氧和缺氧生态位是研究类似于古代地球的微生物生态学的重要场所。这种环境的扩大和全球分布的增加也意味着有关这些环境的信息有助于理解未来的现象。在这项研究中，探索了长期化学数据集（1996-2015年）以及季节性（2015年）季节性信息，这些信息是关于海洋罗格兹尼察湖的放线菌素，单核生物和表面沉积物中细菌和古细菌群落的多样性和丰富度的信息。靶向16S rRNA基因和转录本的定量PCR分析和高通量测序结果显示，带有丙型杆菌（Halochromatium）的微生物群落具有清晰的垂直结构）和蓝细菌（Synechococcus spp。）占主导地位的趋化霉素，Deltaproteobacteria和Bacteroidetes占主导地位的单膜菌素，并且表面沉积物中的古细菌种群明显更多，其中大多数与Nanoarchaeota有关。社区结构和丰度没有季节性变化。发现Rogoznica湖的多样性很高，大概是由于稳定的环境条件以及较高的溶解碳和养分浓度所致。长期数据表明，Rogoznica湖表现出的气候变化可能会改变其理化特征，并因此导致其微生物群落内部发生结构和生理变化。