Pyrethroid insecticides are one of the most commonly used pesticide groups, but these compounds have brought risks to non-target species, such as amphibians. This study evaluated the toxicological effects (mortality, swimming activity and oral morphology) caused to a South American species of anuran amphibian, Physalaemus gracilis, exposed to the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Total spawnings of this anuran were collected in the natural environment and transported to the laboratory where they were kept under controlled conditions. Chronic assays were defined between 0.1 and 0.01 mg L-1 of cypermethrin, and 0.009 and 0.001 mg L-1 of deltamethrin. For cypermethrin, a further chronic toxicity test was performed at 0.05 and 2.0 mg L-1, with hatchlings at stages S.20-S.25. Cypermethrin and deltamethrin were lethal enough to kill over 70% of exposed tadpoles in 1 week at concentrations that can be found in nature (0.01-0.1 mg L-1). The exposure effects also influenced swimming activity and caused changes in oral morphology, which would make it difficult for the animals to survive in their natural habitat. Both pyrethroids presented a risk for P. gracilis, so they should be re-evaluated for non-target wild species.

中文翻译：

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拟除虫菊酯对gra的拟除虫菊酯的毒性作用（阿努拉：Leptodactylidae）。

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂是最常用的农药组之一，但是这些化合物给非目标物种（如两栖动物）带来了风险。这项研究评估了暴露于拟除虫菊酯氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的南美无性两栖动物Physalaemus gracilis的毒理作用（死亡率，游泳活动和口腔形态）。在自然环境中收集了该无水an的全部产卵，并运送到实验室，并保持在受控条件下。慢性测定的定义为氯氰菊酯为0.1至0.01 mg L-1，溴氰菊酯为0.009至0.001 mg L-1。对于氯氰菊酯，进一步的慢性毒性试验是在0.05和2.0 mg L-1下进行的，孵化处于S.20-S.25阶段。氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的致死性足以在自然界发现的浓度（0.01-0.1 mg L-1）下，在1周内杀死超过70％的exposed。暴露影响还影响游泳活动并引起口腔形态变化，这将使动物难以在其自然栖息地中生存。两种拟除虫菊酯均存在粉饰假单胞菌的风险，因此应重新评估非目标野生物种。