Low melanin level in white skin results in many genetic alterations that activate oncogenes to form metastatic melanomas because of interaction with ultraviolet rays. These melanomas are uncommon, but they are dangerous and spread rapidly in the individual's body. Individuals with fair, freckled skin; a weak immune system; or have a personal or family history of melanoma are at high risk to have melanoma. There are different stages of melanomas. All have some treatments, but to achieve more efficient treatment, clinical trials are being done. Some of the treatments involve immunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgeries, and sentinel lymph node biopsy.

中文翻译：

---

黑色素在皮肤癌中的作用。


白皮肤中黑色素水平低会导致许多基因改变，由于与紫外线的相互作用，激活癌基因形成转移性黑色素瘤。这些黑色素瘤并不常见，但它们很危险，并且会在个体体内迅速传播。皮肤白皙、有雀斑的人；免疫系统较弱；或者有黑色素瘤个人史或家族史，患有黑色素瘤的风险很高。黑色素瘤有不同的阶段。都有一些治疗方法，但为了实现更有效的治疗，正在进行临床试验。一些治疗涉及免疫疗法、放射疗法、手术和前哨淋巴结活检。