Lipases are a group of enzymes of considerable significance in organic synthesis, among which Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is one of the most widely studied enzymes. The activity of the biocatalyst has been intensively characterized in many organic media, but this paper aimed to compare the effect of 20 different solvents on the activity of CALB in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl laurate. Nonpolar, polar aprotic, and polar protic solvents were used for enzyme pretreatment and then entered the composition of mixed solvents reaction medium. An impact of solvents on solvation processes affecting the catalysis steps, protein denaturation, and changes of its conformation was discussed. Moreover the hydrolytic activity of CALB with partition coefficient (logP) of the solvent used was correlated. It was emphasized that the substrate solubility plays an important role in solvent selection. In the presence of hydrophobic solvents, hydration layer becomes more hydrophobic facilitating the substrate access to the enzyme surface. In turn, polar compounds are good solvents for organic substrates facilitating the penetration of the aqueous layer that surrounds the surface of the enzyme. Two variants proved to be favorable for ester hydrolysis reaction: isooctane or polar solvent such as acetone, tert -butyl methyl ether, tert-butanol or acetonitrile.

中文翻译：

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筛选有利于南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B水解活性的溶剂。

脂肪酶是在有机合成中具有重要意义的一组酶，其中南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B（CALB）是研究最广泛的酶之一。在许多有机介质中都对生物催化剂的活性进行了深入的表征，但本文旨在比较20种不同溶剂对月桂对硝基苯基月桂酸酯水解中CALB活性的影响。非极性，极性质子惰性和极性质子溶剂用于酶预处理，然后进入混合溶剂反应介质的组成。讨论了溶剂对影响催化步骤，蛋白质变性及其构象变化的溶剂化过程的影响。此外，CALB的水解活性与所用溶剂的分配系数（logP）相关。强调了底物溶解度在溶剂选择中起重要作用。在疏水性溶剂的存在下，水合层变得更加疏水，从而促进了底物接近酶表面。反过来，极性化合物是有机底物的良好溶剂，促进了围绕酶表面的水层的渗透。事实证明，有两种变体有利于酯水解反应：异辛烷或极性溶剂，例如丙酮，叔丁基甲基醚，叔丁醇或乙腈。极性化合物是有机底物的良好溶剂，可促进围绕酶表面的水层的渗透。事实证明，有两种变体有利于酯水解反应：异辛烷或极性溶剂，例如丙酮，叔丁基甲基醚，叔丁醇或乙腈。极性化合物是有机底物的良好溶剂，可促进围绕酶表面的水层的渗透。事实证明，有两种变体有利于酯水解反应：异辛烷或极性溶剂，例如丙酮，叔丁基甲基醚，叔丁醇或乙腈。