The gut microbiome has been implicated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, heart failure, and ischemic stroke. Metabolomics studies in humans and diverse mouse populations have revealed associations between diet-derived gut bacterial metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and intermediates of aromatic amino acid breakdown, with progression of CVD. Functional studies in animals fed diets of defined composition have been instrumental for establishing causal links between these metabolites, the microbes that produce them, dietary substrates and disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent progress in our understanding of how gut microbial metabolism of food influences the development of CVD and to outline experimental approaches that can be useful for addressing crucial knowledge gaps in the field. Together, this body of work supports the notion that the gut microbiomes mediate many of the effects of diet.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物代谢对心血管疾病的新兴作用。

肠道微生物组与心血管疾病（CVD）的发展有关，包括高血压，血脂异常，动脉粥样硬化，血栓形成，心力衰竭和缺血性中风。在人类和不同的小鼠群体中进行的代谢组学研究表明，饮食来源的肠道细菌代谢产物（包括三甲胺-N-氧化物，短链脂肪酸和芳香族氨基酸分解的中间体）与CVD的发展有关。在动物中进食确定成分饮食的功能研究有助于建立这些代谢物，产生它们的微生物，饮食底物和疾病之间的因果关系。这篇综述的目的是讨论我们对食物的肠道微生物代谢如何影响CVD的发展的最新进展，并概述有助于解决该领域关键知识缺口的实验方法。总之，这项工作支持肠道微生物组介导饮食的许多作用这一观念。