The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula is a polyphagous pest of commercially important crops during both nymph and adult stages. This insect has recently transitioned from a secondary agricultural pest to one of primary concern. Novel management solutions are needed due to the limited effectiveness of current control strategies. We performed biochemical and transcriptomic analyses to characterize digestive enzymes in the salivary glands and along midgut tissues of N. viridula nymphs and adults fed on sweet corn. The digestive profiles were more distinct between midgut regions (M1 to M3) than between life stages. Aminopeptidase and chymotrypsin activities declined from the M1 (anterior) toward the M3 midgut region. Cysteine protease activity was higher in the M2 and M3 regions than in M1. Differences in sensitivity to chymotrypsin inhibitors between midgut regions suggest that distinct genes or isoforms are expressed in different regions of the gut. In nymphs, DNA and RNA degradation was higher in M1 than in M3. Adult nuclease activity was low across all midgut regions, but high in salivary glands. The differences in protease activities are reflected by transcriptomic data and functional enrichment of GO terms. Together, our results show that different regions of the digestive tract of N. viridula have specific and distinct digestive properties, and increase our understanding of the physiology of this organism.

中文翻译：

---

整个内扎斑鸠中肠组织中的蛋白酶和核酸酶显示出不同的活性谱，这些活性谱在整个生命周期中都得到保留。

南部的绿色臭虫Nezara viridula是若虫和成虫期的一种重要商业作物的多食性害虫。该昆虫最近已从次要农业害虫转变为主要害虫之一。由于当前控制策略的有效性有限，因此需要新颖的管理解决方案。我们进行了生化和转录组学分析，以鉴定唾液腺和蚕豆若虫和以甜玉米为食的成虫的中肠组织中的消化酶。中肠区域（M1至M3）之间的消化谱比生命阶段之间更明显。氨肽酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶的活性从M1（前部）向M3中肠区下降。半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性在M2和M3区域高于在M1区域。中肠区域之间对胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂的敏感性差异表明，在肠道的不同区域表达了不同的基因或同工型。若虫，M1中的DNA和RNA降解高于M3。在所有中肠区域，成人核酸酶活性均较低，但在唾液腺中则较高。蛋白酶活性的差异由转录组数据和GO术语的功能丰富反映出来。在一起，我们的结果表明，小肠猪笼草消化道的不同区域具有特定而独特的消化特性，并加深了我们对该生物的生理学的了解。在所有中肠区域，成人核酸酶活性均较低，但在唾液腺中则较高。蛋白酶活性的差异由转录组数据和GO术语的功能丰富反映出来。在一起，我们的结果表明，小肠猪笼草消化道的不同区域具有特定而独特的消化特性，并加深了我们对该生物的生理学的了解。在所有中肠区域，成人核酸酶活性均较低，但在唾液腺中则较高。蛋白酶活性的差异由转录组数据和GO术语的功能丰富反映出来。在一起，我们的结果表明，小肠猪笼草消化道的不同区域具有特定而独特的消化特性，并加深了我们对该生物的生理学的了解。