Cortical networks receive a highly variable stream of inputs from internal and external influences, and must flexibly adapt their operations on a short timescale. Recent work has highlighted this state-dependent functional flexibility of cortical circuits and provided initial insights into underlying circuit-level mechanisms. Transitions from quiescent to aroused or task-engaged behavioral states are associated with common motifs of network activity, including changes in correlations and enhanced sensory encoding. Evidence points to a key role for selective activation of specific GABAergic interneuron populations in mediating mode-switching in cortical networks. Finally, inhibitory interneurons may function as a critical target for convergent state-dependent neuromodulatory sculpting of cortical circuits.

中文翻译：

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皮层电路的功能灵活性。

皮质网络接收来自内部和外部影响的高度可变的输入流，并且必须在短时间内灵活地调整其操作。最近的工作强调了皮质电路的这种状态依赖的功能灵活性，并提供了对潜在电路级机制的初步见解。从静止到唤醒或参与任务的行为状态的转变与网络活动的常见主题相关，包括相关性的变化和增强的感官编码。有证据表明选择性激活特定 GABA 能中间神经元群在介导皮质网络中的模式转换中起关键作用。最后，抑制性中间神经元可能是皮质回路的收敛状态依赖性神经调节雕刻的关键目标。