The multi-scale approach to conserving forest biodiversity has been used in Sweden since the 1980s, a period defined by increased reserve area and conservation actions within production forests. However, two thousand forest-associated species remain on Sweden’s red-list, and Sweden’s 2020 goals for sustainable forests are not being met. We argue that ongoing changes in the production forest matrix require more consideration, and that multi-scale conservation must be adapted to, and integrated with, production forest development. To make this case, we summarize trends in habitat provision by Sweden’s protected and production forests, and the variety of ways silviculture can affect biodiversity. We discuss how different forestry trajectories affect the type and extent of conservation approaches needed to secure biodiversity, and suggest leverage points for aiding the adoption of diversified silviculture. Sweden’s long-term experience with multi-scale conservation and intensive forestry provides insights for other countries trying to conserve species within production landscapes.

中文翻译：

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与林业保持同步：不断变化的生产森林矩阵中的多尺度保护。

自1980年代以来，瑞典开始采用保护森林生物多样性的多尺度方法，这一时期的定义是增加的保护区和生产林内的保护行动。但是，有2000种与森林有关的物种仍列在瑞典的红色名录中，瑞典的2020年可持续森林目标仍未实现。我们认为，生产林矩阵的不断变化需要更多考虑，并且多尺度保护必须适应生产林发展并与之整合。为了说明这一点，我们总结了瑞典保护林和生产林提供栖息地的趋势，以及造林可以影响生物多样性的各种方式。我们讨论了不同的森林轨迹如何影响保护生物多样性所需的保护方法的类型和程度，并提出有助于采用多种造林的杠杆作用点。瑞典在多尺度保护和集约林业方面的长期经验为其他试图在生产景观内保护物种的国家提供了见识。