Converging evidence suggests that the cognitive control processes that enable the inhibition of irrelevant information on a perceptual versus a memorial basis are qualitatively different and are underlain by unique neural systems that may be affected differentially in aging. In the current study, we investigated whether individual differences in performance on these 2 types of inhibitory processes were attributable to region-specific patterns of cortical thinning. Clinically healthy older adults completed a pair of behavioral memory and perceptual inhibition tasks and then underwent structural brain imaging. We found that worse memory inhibition was associated with reduced cortical thickness in the left ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), an area that has been functionally associated with memory inhibition, but not in either the right or left superior parietal lobule (SPL), areas that have been functionally associated with perceptual inhibition. On the contrary, while impaired perceptual inhibition was associated with cortical thinning in the right SPL, it was not associated with cortical thickness in either the left VLPFC or SPL. These results suggest a double dissociation between performance on 2 types of inhibitory control tasks and cortical thinning in specific brain areas, previously shown to be uniquely associated with functional activation of each these 2 types of cognitive tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record

中文翻译：

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临床健康老年人的知觉和记忆抑制缺陷与区域特异性、双重可分离的皮质变薄模式有关。

趋同的证据表明，能够在感知和记忆基础上抑制无关信息的认知控制过程在性质上是不同的，并且是由独特的神经系统构成的，这些神经系统可能在衰老过程中受到不同的影响。在目前的研究中，我们调查了这两种抑制过程的个体差异是否可归因于特定区域的皮质变薄模式。临床上健康的老年人完成了一对行为记忆和知觉抑制任务，然后进行了结构性脑成像。我们发现，更严重的记忆抑制与左腹外侧前额叶皮层 (VLPFC) 的皮质厚度减少有关，该区域在功能上与记忆抑制相关，但不在右侧或左侧顶叶上小叶 (SPL) 中，这些区域在功能上与知觉抑制相关。相反，虽然感知抑制受损与右侧 SPL 的皮质变薄有关，但它与左侧 VLPFC 或 SPL 的皮质厚度无关。这些结果表明，两种类型的抑制性控制任务的表现与特定大脑区域的皮层变薄之间存在双重分离，此前已证明这两种类型的认知任务与功能激活唯一相关。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 它与左侧 VLPFC 或 SPL 的皮质厚度无关。这些结果表明，两种类型的抑制性控制任务的表现与特定大脑区域的皮层变薄之间存在双重分离，先前已证明与这两种类型的认知任务的功能激活唯一相关。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 它与左侧 VLPFC 或 SPL 的皮质厚度无关。这些结果表明，两种类型的抑制性控制任务的表现与特定大脑区域的皮层变薄之间存在双重分离，先前已证明与这两种类型的认知任务的功能激活唯一相关。（PsycINFO 数据库记录