Abstract Anthropogenic noise is a recognized global pollutant, affecting a wide range of nonhuman animals. However, most research considers only whether noise pollution has an impact, ignoring that individuals within a species or population exhibit substantial variation in responses to stress. Here, we first outline how intrinsic characteristics (e.g., body size, condition, sex, and personality) and extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental context, repeated exposure, prior experience, and multiple stressors) can affect responses to environmental stressors. We then present the results of a systematic search of the anthropogenic-noise literature, identifying articles that investigated intraspecific variation in the responses of nonhuman animals to noise. This reveals that fewer than 10% of articles (51 of 589) examining impacts of noise test experimentally for intraspecific variation in responses; of those that do, more than 75% report significant effects. We assess these existing studies to determine the current scope of research and findings to-date, and to provide suggestions for good practice in the design, implementation, and reporting of robust experiments in this field. We close by explaining how understanding intraspecific variation in responses to anthropogenic noise is crucial for improving how we manage captive animals, monitor wild populations, model species responses, and mitigate effects of noise pollution on wildlife. Our aim is to stimulate greater knowledge and more effective management of the harmful consequences of this global pollutant.

中文翻译：

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动物对人为噪音反应的种内变异的原因和后果


摘要 人为噪声是一种公认​​的全球污染物，影响着广泛的非人类动物。然而，大多数研究只考虑噪音污染是否有影响，而忽略了物种或种群内的个体对压力的反应表现出巨大的差异。在这里，我们首先概述内在特征（例如，体型、状况、性别和个性）和外在因素（例如，环境背景、重复暴露、先前经历和多种压力源）如何影响对环境压力源的反应。然后，我们提出了对人为噪声文献进行系统搜索的结果，找出研究非人类动物对噪声反应的种内变异的文章。这表明，只有不到 10% 的文章（589 篇中的 51 篇）通过实验检验了噪音测试对种内响应差异的影响；在那些这样做的人中，超过 75% 的人报告了显着的效果。我们评估这些现有的研究，以确定当前的研究范围和迄今为止的发现，并为该领域稳健实验的设计、实施和报告的良好实践提供建议。最后，我们解释了了解人为噪声反应的种内差异对于改善我们管理圈养动物、监测野生种群、模拟物种反应以及减轻噪声污染对野生动物的影响至关重要。我们的目标是激发人们对这种全球污染物的有害后果的更多了解和更有效的管理。