Cyperus fuscus is a representative of threatened ephemeral wetland plant communities in summer-dry shoreline habitats. We compared variation and plasticity in traits related to fitness and growth of plants germinating from the soil seed bank and established plants from river and secondary anthropogenic habitats. Plants from sites at rivers, fishponds and fish storage ponds were cultivated and selfed to get homogenous seed material for a germination and an environmental manipulation experiment involving three different water regimes. Differences in traits and their plasticities were evaluated by means of linear mixed models. Cyperus fuscus followed a low-oxygen escape strategy when flooded. Seeds of plants derived from the soil seed bank germinated faster than seeds of plants derived from established plants suggesting that short-term selection of genotypes is mediated by the particular conditions on the site during germination. The experiment revealed significant differences between river and secondary habitats as well as between the soil seed bank and established plants. For example, plants from river habitats produced the highest number of culms with inflorescences. The difference was most evident under partial submergence. Plants from fish storage ponds rapidly reached the reproductive phase, but produced less culms with inflorescences. This seemingly allows them to cope with numerous and irregular disturbances and intensive substrate moisture changes. Our results suggest that populations have adapted to conditions at secondary habitats provided by fish farming during the last centuries.

中文翻译：

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河流和人类栖息地中短暂性泥滩物种黑莎草的适应性和生长对水位波动的响应

莎草是夏季干燥海岸线栖息地中受威胁的短暂湿地植物群落的代表。我们比较了与从土壤种子库发芽的植物的适应性和生长相关的性状的变化和可塑性，以及从河流和次生人类栖息地建立的植物。对来自河流、鱼塘和鱼储存池的植物进行培养和自交，以获得均质的种子材料，用于发芽和涉及三种不同水况的环境操纵实验。通过线性混合模型评估性状的差异及其可塑性。当被淹没时，莎草遵循低氧逃逸策略。来自土壤种子库的植物种子比来自成熟植物的植物种子发芽速度更快，这表明基因型的短期选择是由发芽期间现场的特定条件介导的。该实验揭示了河流和次生栖息地之间以及土壤种子库和已建立的植物之间存在显着差异。例如，来自河流生境的植物产生最多数量的花序秆。在部分淹没的情况下差异最为明显。储鱼池中的植物迅速进入繁殖阶段，但产生的花序秆较少。这似乎使它们能够应对大量且不规则的干扰和强烈的基质湿度变化。我们的结果表明，在过去的几个世纪里，种群已经适应了养鱼业提供的次生栖息地的条件。