Organoids, bioprinted mini-tissues and body-on-a-chip technologies are poised to transform the practice of preclinical pharmacology, with a view to achieving better predictive value. We review the need for further refinement in static and dynamic biomechanical aspects of such microenvironments. Further consideration of the developments required in perfusion systems to enable delivery of an appropriate soluble microenvironment are argued. We place particular emphasis on a major deficiency in these systems, being the absence or aberrant circadian behaviour of cells used in such settings, and consider the technical challenges that are needing to be met in order to achieve rhythm-on-a-chip.

中文翻译：

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芯片上的节奏：体外昼夜节律是芯片上人体技术的下一个前沿领域。

为了实现更好的预测价值，有机体，生物打印的微型组织和单芯片人体技术已准备好转变临床前药理学的实践。我们审查了这种微环境的静态和动态生物力学方面需要进一步完善的需求。提出了进一步考虑在灌注系统中实现适当的可溶性微环境的输送所需的发展。我们特别强调这些系统中的主要缺陷，即在这种情况下使用的细胞缺乏或昼夜节律行为，并考虑为了实现片上节奏需要解决的技术难题。