BACKGROUND Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a rare but severe complication of valve replacement surgery, with an incidence rate of 0.3-1.2% per patient-year. At present, staphylococci are the predominant causative microorganism of PVE. Herein, we report a confirmed case of late PVE in a mechanical aortic valve caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 32-year-old immunocompetent man with recurrent fever and 5-kg weight loss had a history of having undergone the Bentall procedure due to congenital heart disease. Nine years after the operation, he developed a paravalvular abscess in the mechanical aortic valve, presented with evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis on CT scan and was diagnosed with tuberculous endocarditis. This case report highlights a rare and non-negligible example of tuberculous endocarditis involving a mechanical valve. CONCLUSIONS Tuberculous PVE should be considered in patients with a history of valve replacement, recurrent fever, unexplained weight loss, pulmonary tuberculosis and meaningful valvular findings on echocardiogram.

中文翻译：

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Bentall手术后出现晚期人工瓣膜心内膜炎合并结核分枝杆菌。

背景技术人工瓣膜心内膜炎（PVE）是一种罕见但严重的瓣膜置换手术并发症，每患者年的发生率为0.3-1.2％。目前，葡萄球菌是PVE的主要致病微生物。在此，我们报告了由结核分枝杆菌引起的机械性主动脉瓣中晚期PVE的确诊病例。病例介绍一名32岁的免疫能力强的男子，患有反复发烧和体重减轻5公斤，曾因先天性心脏病接受过Bentall手术。手术九年后，他在机械主动脉瓣中出现了瓣周脓肿，CT扫描显示有肺结核的证据，并被诊断出患有结核性心内膜炎。该病例报告突出了涉及机械瓣膜的结核性心内膜炎的罕见且不可忽略的例子。结论有瓣膜置换史，反复发热，原因不明的体重减轻，肺结核和超声心动图上有意义的瓣膜发现的患者应考虑结核性PVE。