This study compares the environmental air emissions external costs of electric, gasoline, and diesel private passenger cars during their entire life cycle. The results provide the decision makers with a complementary and unconventional interpretation of the results of an ISO 14040–compliant life cycle assessment (LCA). Indeed, LCA results are often difficult to communicate and to be understood by the general public; on the other hand, an environmental external costs evaluation, where a single monetary value synthesizes the environmental impacts, can be easily understood, communicated to the broad public, and compared with taxes, incentives, and other economic tools. In the present study, we demonstrate that it is possible to carry out the application of a damage factor to the physical inventory flow. The application of this methodology to an Italian context leads to the conclusion that if we compare the 3 types of vehicles—electric, diesel, and gasoline—of an average midsize car (e.g., Volkswagen Golf), the electric version produces less external cost than the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, considering both air pollution and climate change. The total life cycle air emissions externalities are 12.07 €/1000 km for the electric version, 21.30 €/1000 km for the gasoline vehicle, and 24.25 €/1000 km for the diesel vehicle. At the same time, the electric vehicle produces less external cost related to the air emissions considering both the entire life cycle and only the processes that occur in Italy. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–11. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

中文翻译：

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电动和传统乘用车比较的生命周期空气排放外部成本评估。

这项研究比较了电动，汽油和柴油私人乘用车整个生命周期中的环境空气排放外部成本。结果为决策者提供了对符合ISO 14040标准的生命周期评估（LCA）结果的补充和非常规的解释。确实，LCA的结果通常难以传达，也难以为大众所理解。另一方面，可以很容易地理解环境外部成本评估，其中单个货币值综合了对环境的影响，并将其传达给广大公众，并与税收，奖励措施和其他经济工具进行比较。在本研究中，我们证明有可能对实际库存流进行损害因子的应用。将该方法论应用于意大利的情况得出的结论是，如果我们比较普通中型汽车（例如大众高尔夫）的三种类型的车辆（电动，柴油和汽油），则电动版本产生的外部成本低于传统的内燃机汽车，同时考虑了空气污染和气候变化。电动版的总生命周期空气排放外部性为12.07€/ 1000 km，汽油车为21.30€/ 1000 km，柴油车为24.25€/ 1000 km。同时，考虑到整个生命周期以及仅在意大利发生的过程，电动汽车产生的与废气排放相关的外部成本更低。考虑到空气污染和气候变化，普通中型汽车（例如大众高尔夫）的汽油和汽油比传统的内燃机汽车产生的外部成本要低。电动版的总生命周期空气排放外部性为12.07€/ 1000 km，汽油车为21.30€/ 1000 km，柴油车为24.25€/ 1000 km。同时，考虑到整个生命周期以及仅在意大利发生的过程，电动汽车产生的与废气排放相关的外部成本更低。考虑到空气污染和气候变化，与普通的中型汽车相比，电动中型汽车（例如大众高尔夫）的外部成本要低于传统的内燃机汽车。电动版的总生命周期空气排放外部性为12.07€/ 1000 km，汽油车为21.30€/ 1000 km，柴油车为24.25€/ 1000 km。同时，考虑到整个生命周期以及仅在意大利发生的过程，电动汽车产生的与废气排放相关的外部成本更低。汽油车为21.30欧元/ 1000公里，柴油车为24.25欧元/ 1000公里。同时，考虑到整个生命周期以及仅在意大利发生的过程，电动汽车产生的与废气排放相关的外部成本更低。汽油车为21.30欧元/ 1000公里，柴油车为24.25欧元/ 1000公里。同时，考虑到整个生命周期以及仅在意大利发生的过程，电动汽车产生的与废气排放相关的外部成本更低。Integr环境评估管理报告2019; 00：1-11。©2019作者。Wiley Periodicals，Inc.代表环境毒理化学协会（SETAC）发行的《综合环境评估与管理》