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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Different Forms of Bullying Perpetration, Bullying Victimization, and Their Co-occurrence.
Behavior Genetics ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09968-5 Sabine A M Veldkamp 1, 2 , Dorret I Boomsma 1, 2 , Eveline L de Zeeuw 1, 2 , Catharina E M van Beijsterveldt 1 , Meike Bartels 1, 2 , Conor V Dolan 1, 2 , Elsje van Bergen 1, 2
Behavior Genetics ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09968-5 Sabine A M Veldkamp 1, 2 , Dorret I Boomsma 1, 2 , Eveline L de Zeeuw 1, 2 , Catharina E M van Beijsterveldt 1 , Meike Bartels 1, 2 , Conor V Dolan 1, 2 , Elsje van Bergen 1, 2
Affiliation
Bullying comes in different forms, yet most previous genetically-sensitive studies have not distinguished between them. Given the serious consequences and the high prevalence of bullying, it is remarkable that the aetiology of bullying and its different forms has been under-researched. We present the first study to investigate the genetic architecture of bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and their co-occurrence for verbal, physical and relational bullying. Primary-school teachers rated 8215 twin children on bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. For each form of bullying, we investigated, through genetic structural equation modelling, the genetic and environmental influences on being a bully, a victim or both. 34% of the children were involved as bully, victim, or both. The correlation between being a bully and being a victim varied from 0.59 (relational) to 0.85 (physical). Heritability was ~ 70% for perpetration and ~ 65% for victimization, similar in girls and boys, yet both were somewhat lower for the relational form. Shared environmental influences were modest and more pronounced among girls. The correlation between being a bully and being a victim was explained mostly by genetic factors for verbal (~ 71%) and especially physical (~ 77%) and mostly by environmental factors for relational perpetration and victimization (~ 60%). Genes play a large role in explaining which children are at high risk of being a victim, bully, or both. For victimization this suggests an evocative gene-environment correlation: some children are at risk of being exposed to bullying, partly due to genetically influenced traits. So, genetic influences make some children more vulnerable to become a bully, victim or both.
中文翻译：
遗传和环境影响对不同形式的欺凌行为，欺凌受害者及其共存的影响。
欺凌以不同的形式出现，但是以前的大多数对遗传敏感的研究都没有将它们区分开。鉴于欺凌行为的严重后果和高发率，值得注意的是，对欺凌行为及其不同形式的病因学研究不足。我们目前进行的第一项研究旨在调查欺凌行为，欺凌受害行为及其在言语，身体和关系上的欺凌行为的共同发生的遗传结构。小学教师对8215名双胞胎孩子进行了欺凌和欺凌的评价。对于每种形式的欺凌，我们都通过遗传结构方程模型进行了调查，研究了遗传和环境因素对成为欺凌者，受害者或两者的影响。34％的孩子是欺负，受害者或两者兼有。欺负与受害之间的相关性从0.59（相关）到0.85（身体）之间变化。遗传率约为70％，受害率约为65％，女孩和男孩相似，但两者的关系形式都较低。在女孩中，共同的环境影响微不足道，而且更为明显。欺负与受害之间的相关性主要是由言语的遗传因素（约71％），尤其是身体的遗传因素（约77％），以及关系型的行为和受害的环境因素（约60％）解释了。基因在解释哪些儿童成为受害者，欺凌者或两者的高风险中起着重要作用。对于受害，这暗示了令人回味的基因与环境的关系：部分儿童有遭受欺凌的风险，部分原因是受遗传影响的性状。所以，
更新日期：2019-11-01
中文翻译：
遗传和环境影响对不同形式的欺凌行为，欺凌受害者及其共存的影响。
欺凌以不同的形式出现，但是以前的大多数对遗传敏感的研究都没有将它们区分开。鉴于欺凌行为的严重后果和高发率，值得注意的是，对欺凌行为及其不同形式的病因学研究不足。我们目前进行的第一项研究旨在调查欺凌行为，欺凌受害行为及其在言语，身体和关系上的欺凌行为的共同发生的遗传结构。小学教师对8215名双胞胎孩子进行了欺凌和欺凌的评价。对于每种形式的欺凌，我们都通过遗传结构方程模型进行了调查，研究了遗传和环境因素对成为欺凌者，受害者或两者的影响。34％的孩子是欺负，受害者或两者兼有。欺负与受害之间的相关性从0.59（相关）到0.85（身体）之间变化。遗传率约为70％，受害率约为65％，女孩和男孩相似，但两者的关系形式都较低。在女孩中，共同的环境影响微不足道，而且更为明显。欺负与受害之间的相关性主要是由言语的遗传因素（约71％），尤其是身体的遗传因素（约77％），以及关系型的行为和受害的环境因素（约60％）解释了。基因在解释哪些儿童成为受害者，欺凌者或两者的高风险中起着重要作用。对于受害，这暗示了令人回味的基因与环境的关系：部分儿童有遭受欺凌的风险，部分原因是受遗传影响的性状。所以，
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