Five human-specific markers were detected in 59–74% of 27 human fecal-source samples collected in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. Similarly, potential human-specific markers, crAssphage, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and tobacco mosaic virus were detected in 96–100% of samples, with crAssphage showing the maximum concentration of 12.03 log copies/L. However, these markers were detected in 100% (3/3) of pig fecal-source samples, suggesting their applicability as general fecal pollution markers. Microbial source tracking analysis demonstrated that the rivers are contaminated by human and pig fecal sources. CrAssphage showed higher marker concentrations in river water samples than PMMoV, suggesting the preference of crAssphage to PMMoV as a marker of fecal pollution.

中文翻译：

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评价人类和动物特有的病毒标记，并在日本河水中使用CrAssphage，胡椒轻斑驳病毒和烟草花叶病毒作为潜在的粪便污染标记。

在日本山梨县收集的27种人类粪便来源样品中，有59-74％检测到5种人类特异性标记。同样，在96–100％的样品中检测到了潜在的人类特异性标记物，crAssphage，胡椒轻度斑驳病毒（PMMoV）和烟草花叶病毒，其中crAssphage的最大浓度为12.03 log拷贝/ L。但是，在猪粪便来源样品中100％（3/3）检出了这些标记，表明它们可作为一般粪便污染标记。微生物来源跟踪分析表明，河流被人和猪的粪便污染。CrAssphage在河水样品中的标记物浓度高于PMMoV，这表明crAssphage较PMMoV更可作为粪便污染的标记物。