Based on the analysis of multi-year monitoring data on atmospheric air contamination in the vicinity of Lake Karachay, Reservoir V-9, a model is suggested here for carry-over of radionuclides (trace elements) in the form of water aerosols from the reservoir surface area. The concept of fractionation (accumulation) coefficients is introduced for different radionuclides present in V-9 Reservoir water aerosols as compared to the reference radionuclide 137Cs. The range of possible fractionation coefficient values is estimated for 134Cs, 90Sr, 103,106Ru, 95Zr+ 95Nb, 125Sb, 144Ce and Pu radionuclides. It is shown that, for a numerical assessment of radioactive pollution of the atmosphere with water aerosols, it is convenient to express the capacity of the source of releases as a product of three factors: (1) the activity concentration in the reservoir water, (2) the effective rate of generation of water aerosol volume from the reservoir surface area (~ 20 cm3 m-2 year-1 in relation to the reference radionuclide 137Cs), and (3) the fractionation coefficient of the radionuclide under consideration in water aerosols as compared to the reference nuclide. It is proposed here to model transfer and dispersion of water aerosols in the atmosphere using the standard Gaussian model, and it is shown that this allows estimation of atmospheric pollution in the vicinity of the reservoir with acceptable accuracy.

中文翻译：

---

以俄罗斯卡拉恰伊湖为例，以水气溶胶形式从水体表面向大气中放射性核素的大气传输模型。

根据对V-9水库卡拉奇湖附近大气污染的多年监测数据分析，这里提出了一个模型，用于以水气溶胶形式从水库中带走放射性核素（痕量元素）表面积。与参考放射性核素137Cs相比，针对存在于V-9水库水气溶胶中的不同放射性核素引入了分馏（累积）系数的概念。针对134Cs，90Sr，103,106Ru，95Zr + 95Nb，125Sb，144Ce和Pu放射性核素估算了可能的分馏系数值范围。结果表明，为了对水气溶胶对大气的放射性污染进行数值评估，可以方便地将释放源的容量表示为三个因素的乘积：（1）储层水中的活性浓度；（2）从储层表面积（相对于参考放射性核素137Cs而言，〜20 cm3 m-2 year-1的水气溶胶体积的有效生成速率）；和（3 ）与参考核素相比，在水气溶胶中考虑的放射性核素的分馏系数。在此提出了使用标准高斯模型对水气溶胶在大气中的转移和扩散进行建模的方法，结果表明，这可以以可接受的精度估算储层附近的大气污染。（3）与参考核素相比，在水气溶胶中考虑的放射性核素的分馏系数。在此提出了使用标准高斯模型对水气溶胶在大气中的转移和扩散进行建模的方法，结果表明，这可以以可接受的精度估算储层附近的大气污染。（3）与参考核素相比，在水气溶胶中考虑的放射性核素的分馏系数。在此提出了使用标准高斯模型对水气溶胶在大气中的转移和扩散进行建模的方法，结果表明，这可以以可接受的精度估算储层附近的大气污染。