Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a great deal of interest in the field of regenerative medicine because of their ability to differentiate into mesodermal derivatives and even other germ layers. The main requirement for better differentiation of MSCs into desired cell lineage is relied on pure population of these cells. During the past years, significant progresses have been developed for the identification of MSCs by introducing new markers or different combination of markers. Currently, direct in vitro differentiation protocols using standard media supplemented with specific growth factors generating osteoblast, insulin producing and neuron cells from MSCs show some key characteristic in in vivo counterparts. However, these efforts should be continued to achieve high amount of fully differentiated cells which have high capacity to be used in cell based therapies and drug screening. This review focuses on common culture based differentiation strategies used for osteoblast, insulin producing cells and neural cells generation from MSCs highlighting important findings and trends in this exciting area.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞分化的使用协议的现状：集中在胰岛素生产，成骨细胞和神经细胞。

间充质干细胞（MSC）由于其能够分化为中胚层衍生物甚至其他胚层的能力而在再生医学领域引起了极大的兴趣。更好地将MSC分化为所需细胞谱系的主要要求取决于这些细胞的纯种群。在过去的几年中，通过引入新的标记或标记的不同组合，在鉴定MSC方面已取得重大进展。当前，使用补充有产生MSC的成骨细胞，胰岛素产生细胞和神经元细胞的特定生长因子的标准培养基的直接体外分化方案显示了体内对应物的一些关键特征。然而，应当继续进行这些努力，以实现大量的全分化细胞，这些细胞具有高能力，可用于基于细胞的疗法和药物筛选。这篇综述集中在用于MSC的成骨细胞，胰岛素产生细胞和神经细胞产生的基于常规培养的分化策略，突出了这一激动人心领域的重要发现和趋势。