Hepatitis A (HAV) is a viral infection causing a range of symptoms, sudden onset of fever, malaise, diarrhea, and jaundice. It is mostly transmitted fecal-oral through contaminated food, with immediate household and sexual contacts having a higher risk of infection. Since 2016 an increased number of HAV infections, mostly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) have been noticed worldwide, with three main genotypes circulating. We report here on the first spillover outbreak of the MSM-associated HAV genotype RIVM-HAV16-090 in the German general population in November 2017–February 2018. In total, twelve cases could be attributed to the outbreak with the index case and a coworker in a butchers shop being the most probable source of the outbreak. The identical HAV genotype was detected in two environmental samples in the premises of the butchers shop and in nine cases. Outbreak control measures included detailed contact tracing and stool examinations, several environmental investigations, thorough cleaning, and disinfection of the premises of the butchers shop. Post-exposure vaccination was recommended to all unprotected contacts during the investigation. Furthermore, although hand-washing facilities were in accordance with the required law, additional installment of soap and disinfectant dispensers and contactless faucets has been recommended.

中文翻译：

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2017年11月至2018年2月，德国，MSM相关的HAV基因型与食品处理者相关，导致普通人群中的甲型肝炎暴发。

甲型肝炎（HAV）是一种病毒感染，会引起一系列症状，发烧突然发作，全身乏力，腹泻和黄疸。它主要通过受污染的食物通过粪便口传播，家庭和性生活的直接接触具有更高的感染风险。自2016年以来，全球范围内已发现增加的HAV感染数量，主要影响与男性发生性行为（MSM）的男性，并传播了三种主要基因型。我们在此报告2017年11月至2018年2月在德国总人口中与MSM相关的HAV基因型RIVM-HAV16-090的首次外溢暴发。总共有十二起病例可归因于索引病例和一名同事在一家肉店里，这是最可能爆发的来源。在肉店内的两个环境样本中和九个病例中检测到了相同的HAV基因型。爆发控制措施包括详细的接触者追踪和粪便检查，几次环境调查，彻底清洁以及对肉店的场所进行消毒。建议在调查过程中对所有不受保护的接触者进行接触后疫苗接种。此外，尽管洗手设施符合规定的法律，但建议额外安装肥皂和消毒剂分配器以及非接触式水龙头。建议在调查过程中对所有不受保护的接触者进行接触后疫苗接种。此外，尽管洗手设施符合规定的法律，但建议额外安装肥皂和消毒剂分配器以及非接触式水龙头。建议在调查过程中对所有不受保护的接触者进行接触后疫苗接种。此外，尽管洗手设施符合规定的法律，但建议额外安装肥皂和消毒剂分配器以及非接触式水龙头。