Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The classical therapeutic approach with L-DOPA is not able to control motor symptoms in the long term, thus new disease-modifying or neuroprotective treatments are urgently required in order to match such yet unmet clinical needs. Success in cell-based therapy has been accomplished at a clinical level with human fetal mesencephalic tissue, but ethical issues and a shortage of organs clearly underline the need for novel sources of dopaminergic neurons. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from different adult and fetal tissues that are normally discarded as waste, including adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord, and dental tissues. Their neuroregenerative, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties are mainly mediated by the secretion of an array of bioactive molecules and are heightened when MSCs form tri-dimensional structures called spheroids. Not only can MSCs spontaneously produce neurotrophic factors (NFs) but they can be engineered to synthetize and secrete them in vivo. The aim of this review is to provide a picture of results gained with MSC secretome and spheroids in PD, as well as the possibility of harnessing MSC-based therapy with the use of nano- and micro-structured materials for NF delivery.

中文翻译：

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利用新技术利用干细胞和神经营养因子治疗帕金森氏病。

帕金森氏病（PD）的特征是多巴胺能神经元缺失，氧化应激和神经炎症。使用L-DOPA的经典治疗方法无法长期控制运动症状，因此迫切需要新的疾病缓解或神经保护疗法，以适应尚未满足的临床需求。在人类胎儿中脑组织的临床水平上，基于细胞的治疗取得了成功，但是伦理问题和器官短缺清楚地表明了对多巴胺能神经元新来源的需求。间充质干细胞（MSC）可以从通常作为废物丢弃的不同成年和胎儿组织获得，包括脂肪组织，胎盘，脐带和牙科组织。他们的神经再生，抗炎和免疫调节特性主要由一系列生物活性分子的分泌介导，当MSC形成称为球体的三维结构时，抗炎和免疫调节特性会增强。MSC不仅可以自发地产生神经营养因子（NFs），还可以对其进行改造以在体内合成和分泌它们。这篇综述的目的是提供在PD中使用MSC分泌组和球状体获得的结果的图片，以及利用纳米和微结构材料进行NF输送来利用基于MSC的疗法的可能性。