The present study is the first to assess whether the neural correlates of cognitive control processes differ in adults with and without a behaviorally inhibited temperament during early childhood. Adults with and without childhood behavioral inhibition completed an emotional conflict task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. While no group differences in behavior were observed, adults with childhood behavioral inhibition, relative to adults without childhood behavioral inhibition, exhibited greater dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activity during conflict detection and greater putamen activity during conflict adaptation. Lifetime psychopathology predicted behavioral, but not brain-related, differences in conflict adaptation. These data suggest that the brain regions underlying cognitive control processes are differentially influenced by childhood behavioral inhibition, and may be differently related to psychopathology.

中文翻译：

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儿童早期行为抑制成人基于情绪的认知控制的神经相关性

本研究是第一个评估认知控制过程的神经相关性在儿童早期有和没有行为抑制气质的成年人中是否不同的研究。有和没有儿童行为抑制的成年人在接受功能性磁共振成像扫描时完成了情绪冲突任务。虽然没有观察到行为的群体差异，但与没有童年行为抑制的成年人相比，有童年行为抑制的成年人在冲突检测期间表现出更大的背内侧前额叶皮层活动，在冲突适应期间表现出更大的壳核活动。终生精神病理学预测了冲突适应的行为差异，但与大脑无关。