BACKGROUND Youth with bipolar disorder (BD) show behavioral and neural deficits in cognitive flexibility; however, whether such deficits exist among youths at risk for BD has not been explored. METHODS The current fMRI study examined the neural basis of cognitive flexibility in BD youth (n = 28), unaffected youth at risk for BD (AR; n = 13), and healthy volunteer youth (HV; n = 21) by comparing brain activation patterns while participants performed the change task. On change trials, subjects must inhibit a prepotent response and execute an alternate one. RESULTS During successful change trials, both BD and AR youth had increased right ventrolateral prefrontal and inferior parietal activity, compared to HV youth. During failed change trials, both BD and AR youth exhibited increased caudate activation relative to HV youth, but BD youth showed increased activation in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) relative to the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal activity in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, and striatum during a cognitive flexibility task may represent a potential BD endophenotype, but subgenual ACC dysfunction may represent a marker of BD illness itself.

中文翻译：

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有双相情感障碍风险的儿童认知灵活性的神经相关性。

背景 患有双相情感障碍 (BD) 的青少年在认知灵活性方面表现出行为和神经缺陷；然而，尚未探讨在有 BD 风险的青少年中是否存在这种缺陷。方法 目前的 fMRI 研究通过比较大脑激活检查了 BD 青年（n = 28）、未受影响的有 BD 风险的青年（AR；n = 13）和健康志愿者青年（HV；n = 21）的认知灵活性的神经基础模式，而参与者执行更改任务。在改变试验中，受试者必须抑制一种优势反应并执行另一种反应。结果 在成功的改变试验中，与 HV 青年相比，BD 和 AR 青年的右腹外侧前额叶和下顶叶活动增加。在失败的改变试验中，BD 和 AR 青年都表现出相对于 HV 青年的尾状核激活增加，但与其他两组相比，BD 青年的膝下前扣带皮层 (ACC) 的激活增加。结论在认知灵活性任务期间腹外侧前额叶皮层、下顶叶皮层和纹状体的异常活动可能代表潜在的 BD 内表型，但亚膝关节功能障碍可能代表 BD 疾病本身。