The term ‘obstetric violence’ has been used to describe the mistreatment, disrespect and abuse or dehumanized care of women during childbirth by health care providers. This is a review of the existing literature in India on violence against women during childbirth. The review used the typology of Bohren et al. (2015). An internet search of PubMed, Google Scholar and JSTOR was conducted using the terms ‘obstetric violence’, ‘mistreatment’, ‘disrespect and abuse’ and ‘dehumanized care’. Studies based on empirical research on women’s experiences during childbirth in health facilities in India were included in the review. The search yielded sixteen studies: one case study, two ethnographic studies, two mixed-methods studies, three cross-sectional qualitative studies, seven cross-sectional quantitative studies and one longitudinal quantitative study. The studies were analysed using the seven categories of mistreatment outlined by Bohren et al. (2015): 1) physical abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) verbal abuse, (4) stigma and discrimination, (5) failure to meet professional standards of care, (6) poor rapport between women and providers, and (7) health system conditions and constraints. An additional category of ‘harmful traditional practices and beliefs’ emerged from the Indian literature, which was also included in the review. Although geographically limited, the selected research highlighted varying prevalences of the different forms of ‘obstetric violence’ in both public and private birth facilities in India. ‘Obstetric violence’ in India was found to be associated with socio-demographic factors, with women of lower social standing experiencing greater levels of mistreatment. In response to this normalized public health issue, a multi-pronged, rights-based framework is proposed that addresses the social, political and structural contexts of ‘obstetric violence’ in India.

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印度“产科暴力”的证据：综合审查

“产科暴力”一词已被用来描述医疗保健提供者在分娩期间对妇女的虐待、不尊重和虐待或非人道的护理。这是对印度现有关于分娩期间对妇女的暴力行为的文献的回顾。该评论使用了 Bohren 的类型学等人. （2015 年）。使用“产科暴力”、“虐待”、“不尊重和虐待”和“非人性化护理”等术语对 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 JSTOR 进行了互联网搜索。该评价纳入了基于印度卫生机构中妇女分娩经历的实证研究。搜索产生了 16 项研究：一项案例研究、两项民族志研究、两项混合方法研究、三项横断面定性研究、七项横断面定量研究和一项纵向定量研究。使用 Bohren 概述的七类虐待对研究进行了分析等人. (2015)：1) 身体虐待，(2) 性虐待，(3) 言语虐待，(4) 污名和歧视，(5) 未能达到专业护理标准，(6) 女性与提供者之间的关系不佳，以及(7)卫生系统条件和制约因素。印度文献中出现了另一类“有害的传统习俗和信仰”，该评论也包括在内。尽管地域有限，但选定的研究强调了印度公共和私人分娩设施中不同形式的“产科暴力”的不同流行程度。印度的“产科暴力”被发现与社会人口因素有关，社会地位较低的妇女遭受更大程度的虐待。针对这一常态化的公共卫生问题，多管齐下，