The present study aimed to investigate the osteoinductive potentiality of some selected nanostructures; Hydroxyapatite (HA-NPs), Gold (Au-NPs), Chitosan (C-NPs), Gold/hydroxyapatite (Au/HA-NPs) and Chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CH-NPs) on bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). These nanostructures were characterized using transmission electron microscope and Zetasizer. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of rat femur bones and their identity was documented by morphology, flow cytometry and multi-potency capacity. The influence of the selected nanostructures on the viability, osteogenic differentiation and subsequent matrix mineralization of BM-MSCs was determined by MTT assay, molecular genetic analysis and alizarin red S staining, respectively. MTT analysis revealed insignificant toxicity of the tested nanostructures on BM-MSCs at concentrations ranged from 2 to 25 µg/ml over 48 h and 72 h incubation period. Notably, the tested nanostructures potentiate the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs as evidenced by a prominent over-expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) genes after 7 days incubation. Moreover, the tested nanostructures induced matrix mineralization of BM-MSCs after 21 days as manifested by the formation of calcium nodules stained with alizarin red S. Conclusively, these data provide a compelling evidence for the functionality of the studied nanostructures as osteoinductive materials motivating the differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts with the most prominent effect observed with Au-NPs and Au/HA-NPs, followed by CH-NPs.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子在骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化中的作用。


本研究旨在研究一些选定的纳米结构的骨诱导潜力；羟基磷灰石 (HA-NPs)、金 (Au-NPs)、壳聚糖 (C-NPs)、金/羟基磷灰石 (Au/HA-NPs) 和壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石 (CH-NPs) 对骨髓间充质干细胞 (BM) -间充质干细胞）。使用透射电子显微镜和 Zetasizer 对这些纳米结构进行了表征。从大鼠股骨的骨髓中分离出 MSC，并通过形态学、流式细胞术和多效能力记录其身份。分别通过MTT测定、分子遗传学分析和茜素红S染色确定所选纳米结构对BM-MSCs的活力、成骨分化和随后的基质矿化的影响。 MTT 分析显示，在 48 小时和 72 小时的孵育期内，浓度范围为 2 至 25 µg/ml 的测试纳米结构对 BM-MSC 的毒性微不足道。值得注意的是，测试的纳米结构增强了 BM-MSC 的成骨分化，孵化 7 天后 runt 相关转录因子 2 (Runx-2) 和骨形态发生蛋白 2 (BMP-2) 基因的显着过度表达证明了这一点。此外，所测试的纳米结构在 21 天后诱导 BM-MSC 基质矿化，表现为用茜素红 S 染色的钙结节的形成。最终，这些数据为所研究的纳米结构作为骨诱导材料促进分化的功能提供了令人信服的证据将 BM-MSC 转化为成骨细胞时，Au-NP 和 Au/HA-NP 的效果最显着，其次是 CH-NP。