In Central and South American traditional medicine, people use Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol (Cecropiaceae) for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, its hypoglycemic action mechanism at pancreatic and liver level has been poorly explored. The present research aimed to establish the influence of the aqueous extract of C. obtusifolia, standardized in its content of chlorogenic acid, on insulin secretion in RINm5F cells and over the liver carbohydrates and lipids metabolism, and to determine concomitantly its hepatoprotective effect on mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In RINm5F cells, concentrations 5, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL of aqueous extract of C. obtusifolia were used to determine [Ca²⁺]_i and insulin secretion. In an acute study, the extract was administered at doses of 500 mg/kg. In another test (subacute), the extract was daily administrated to diabetic mice (200 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. Blood glucose levels and other biochemical parameters were determined, and a liver histological analysis was performed. In RINm5F cells, C. obtusifolia increased [Ca²⁺]_i and insulin secretion, whereas in diabetic mice exhibited acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects. Daily administration of C. obtusifolia to diabetic mice also increased liver glycogen storage and glycogen synthase levels, without apparent changes in gluconeogenesis. Besides, it increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 1 (ACSL-1) expression and reduced triglycerides, transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), and collagen fibers, modifying anti-inflammatory (adiponectin and interleukin-10) and inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α) cytokines in serum. Therefore, the hypoglycemic effect of C. obtusifolia implicates a dual action, promoting insulin secretion, liver glycogen accumulation, and hepatoprotection by decreasing collagen fibers and inflammatory markers, whereas it improves lipid metabolism, due in part to PPAR-α.

中文翻译：

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百草枯柏提取物的降血糖活性机理和肝保护作用

在中美洲和南美洲的传统医学中，人们使用钝尾柏（Berol）（Cecropiaceae）来治疗糖尿病。然而，其在胰腺和肝脏水平的降血糖作用机理尚未被充分研究。本研究旨在确定的水提取物的影响C.钝叶，在绿原酸及其内容标准化，在RINm5F细胞和在肝脏碳水化合物和脂质代谢的胰岛素分泌，并确定伴随对小鼠其保肝作用与链脲佐菌素诱发的糖尿病。在RINm5F细胞，浓度5，50，100，和200  μ的水提取物的克/毫升C.钝叶用于测定的[Ca ²⁺ ]_我和胰岛素的分泌。在一项急性研究中，提取物的剂量为500 mg / kg。在另一项测试（亚急性）中，每天将提取物施用于糖尿病小鼠（200 mg / kg /天），持续30天。确定血糖水平和其他生化参数，并进行肝组织学分析。在RINm5F细胞中，钝角梭菌增加[Ca ²⁺ ] _i和胰岛素分泌，而在糖尿病小鼠中则表现出急性和亚急性降血糖作用。每天向糖尿病小鼠施用钝角梭菌也增加了肝糖原储存和糖原合酶水平，而糖原异生没有明显变化。此外，它增加了过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（PPAR-α）和长链脂肪酸CoA连接酶1（ACSL-1）的表达和减少的甘油三酸酯，转氨酶（丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶）和胶原纤维，从而改变了抗炎性（脂联素和白介素10 ）和血清中的炎性（肿瘤坏死因子-α）细胞因子。因此，钝角梭菌的降血糖作用涉及双重作用，其通过减少胶原纤维和炎性标志物来促进胰岛素分泌，肝糖原积累和肝保护，而它由于部分PPAR- α而改善了脂质代谢。