The development of new-generation antidepressants comes at a time of great clinical need when the global burden of depression, suicide, and other psychiatric conditions continues to increase. Our current treatment armamentarium is limited by the time delay needed for antidepressant effects and the significant number of patients who do not show an adequate response to antidepressants. The past 2 decades of psychiatric research has revealed that ketamine, known to be used only as an anesthetic and drug of abuse and to produce experimental models of psychosis, is effective at subanesthetic doses to ameliorate clinical depression.

中文翻译：

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情绪障碍的临床前和转化神经科学方面的更新：临床医师对氯胺酮的简要历史关注。

当抑郁症，自杀和其他精神疾病的全球负担持续增加时，新一代抗抑郁药的开发就在临床上急需之时。我们目前的治疗武器库受到抗抑郁作用所需的时间延迟以及大量对抗抑郁药没有足够反应的患者的限制。过去20年的精神病学研究表明，已知仅用于麻醉和滥用药物的氯胺酮，可以产生精神病的实验模型，在亚麻醉剂量下可有效缓解临床抑郁症。