It has become evident that chromatin in cell nuclei is organized at multiple scales. Significant effort has been devoted to understanding the connection between the nuclear environment and the diverse biological processes taking place therein. A fundamental question is how cells manage to orchestrate these reactions, both spatially and temporally. Recent insights into phase-separated membraneless organelles may be the key for answering this. Of the two models that have been proposed for phase-separated entities, one largely depends on chromatin-protein interactions and the other on multivalent protein-protein and/or protein-RNA ones. Each has its own characteristics, but both would be able to, at least in part, explain chromatin and transcriptional organization. Here, we attempt to give an overview of these two models and their studied examples to date, before discussing the forces that could govern phase separation and prevent it from arising unrestrainedly.

中文翻译：

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影响染色质调节的相分离模式。

很明显，细胞核中的染色质是在多个尺度上组织的。为了了解核环境与其中发生的各种生物过程之间的联系，人们付出了巨大的努力。一个基本问题是细胞如何在空间和时间上协调这些反应。最近对相分离无膜细胞器的见解可能是回答这个问题的关键。在为相分离实体提出的两种模型中，一种很大程度上取决于染色质-蛋白质相互作用，另一种则取决于多价蛋白质-蛋白质和/或蛋白质-RNA 相互作用。两者都有自己的特征，但两者都能够（至少部分地）解释染色质和转录组织。在这里，我们尝试概述这两个模型及其迄今为止研究的示例，然后讨论可以控制相分离并防止其无限制发生的力。