Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death in both men and women. While women are protected until the onset of menopause, after menopause women have increased risk of adverse cardiovascular disease events. Animal models of myocardial infarction recapitulate many of the sex differences observed in humans, and proteomics evaluations offer mechanistic insights to explain sex differences.

Areas covered: In this review, we will discuss how proteomics has helped us understand the hormonal, chromosomal, and immune mechanisms behind sex differences in response to ischemic injury and the development of heart failure.

Expert opinion: There are a number of ways in which proteomics has and will continue to facilitate our understanding of sex differences in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.

简介：心血管疾病是男女死亡的主要原因。虽然妇女受到保护直至更年期开始，但绝经后妇女增加了不良心血管疾病事件的风险。心肌梗死的动物模型概括了人类观察到的许多性别差异，而蛋白质组学评估则提供了机械的见解来解释性别差异。

涵盖的领域：在这篇综述中，我们将讨论蛋白质组学如何帮助我们理解针对缺血性损伤和心力衰竭发展的性别差异背后的激素，染色体和免疫机制。

专家意见：蛋白质组学有多种方法并将继续促进我们对心肌梗死后心脏重构中性别差异的理解。