Ion channels and signaling pathways used in the fast polyspermy block.,Molecular Reproduction and Development

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Ion channels and signaling pathways used in the fast polyspermy block.
Molecular Reproduction and Development ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-13 , DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23168
Katherine L Wozniak ₁ , Anne E Carlson ₁

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Fertilization of an egg by multiple sperms, polyspermy, is lethal to most sexually reproducing species. To combat the entry of additional sperm into already fertilized eggs, organisms have developed various polyspermy blocks. One such barrier, the fast polyspermy block, uses a fertilization-activated depolarization of the egg membrane to electrically inhibit supernumerary sperm from entering the egg. The fast block is commonly used by eggs of oviparous animals with external fertilization. In this review, we discuss the history of the fast block discovery, as well as general features shared by all organisms that use this polyspermy block. Given the diversity of habitats of external fertilizers, the fine details of the fast block-signaling pathways differ drastically between species, including the identity of the depolarizing ions. We highlight the known molecular mediators of these signaling pathways in amphibians and echinoderms, with a fine focus on ion channels that signal these fertilization-evoked depolarizations. We also discuss the investigation for a fast polyspermy block in mammals and teleost fish, and we outline potential fast block triggers. Since the first electrical recordings made on eggs in the 1950s, the fields of developmental biology and electrophysiology have substantially matured, and yet we are only now beginning to discern the intricate molecular mechanisms regulating the fast block to polyspermy.

中文翻译：

快速多精阻断中使用的离子通道和信号通路。

多个精子使一个卵子受精，即多精受精，对大多数有性繁殖的物种来说是致命的。为了阻止额外的精子进入已经受精的卵子，生物体开发出了各种多精块。其中一种屏障是快速多精阻断，它利用受精激活的卵膜去极化来电抑制多余的精子进入卵子。快块常用于体外受精卵生动物的卵。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了快速块发现的历史，以及使用这种多受精块的所有生物体共有的一般特征。鉴于外部肥料栖息地的多样性，快速阻断信号通路的细节在物种之间存在巨大差异，包括去极化离子的身份。我们重点介绍了两栖动物和棘皮动物中这些信号通路的已知分子介导物，重点关注发出这些受精引起的去极化信号的离子通道。我们还讨论了对哺乳动物和硬骨鱼快速多精受精阻断的研究，并概述了潜在的快速受精阻断触发因素。自 20 世纪 50 年代首次对鸡蛋进行电记录以来，发育生物学和电生理学领域已基本成熟，但我们现在才开始了解调节快速阻止多精受精的复杂分子机制。

更新日期：2020-04-13

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