Context: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of the fact that treatments are based on risk calculators which in turn are based on population characteristics, it is well known that these methods have definite levels of uncertainty. Recently, more precise diagnostic or predictive methods have been developed based on indicators of vascular and/or cardiac damage in order to supplement this risk evaluation. Objective: In this review, we describe the main discoveries leading to the idea of using circulating microparticles as a promising and complementary tool in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk. Methods: A Medline search for the terms cardiovascular diseases, microparticles, miRNAs, diagnosis, prognosis, biomarkers and microvesicles was performed. Results: We found (i) nine articles, which were relevant to forming the idea of using microparticles as biomarkers in CVDs, and (ii) 15 and 12 experimental clinical studies which describe their potential in primary and secondary CVD prevention, respectively. Conclusions: The levels of circulating microparticles have been associated with cardiovascular damage in asymptomatic patients as well as in patients who suffered a cardiovascular event, becoming promising diagnostics or prediction biomarkers in recent years.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病中正在循环的微粒：正在进行中！

背景：心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要的死亡原因。尽管治疗基于风险计算器，而风险计算器又基于人群特征，但众所周知，这些方法具有一定的不确定性。近来，已经基于血管和/或心脏损伤的指标开发了更精确的诊断或预测方法，以补充该风险评估。目的：在这篇综述中，我们描述了主要发现，这些发现导致了将循环微粒用作评估心血管风险的有前途和补充性工具的想法。方法：在Medline中搜索了心血管疾病，微粒，miRNA，诊断，预后，生物标志物和微泡等术语。结果：我们发现（i）九篇文章，（15）和12个实验性临床研究分别描述了其在一级和二级CVD预防中的潜力，这与形成在CVD中使用微粒作为生物标志物的想法有关。结论：无症状患者以及患有心血管事件的患者中循环微粒的水平与心血管损害有关，近年来成为有希望的诊断或预测生物标志物。