Landmark experiments in vitro showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to stem-cells by the constitutive expression of particular transcription factors. However, in vivo cells naturally exhibit de-differentiation and trans-differentiation programs, thereby suggesting that the signals from the local mechanical microenvironment may be sufficient to induce stem-cell state transitions. In this review, we discuss recent evidence for the biophysical regulation of genome architecture and nuclear programs. We start by discussing the coupling between cellular architecture, genome organization and gene expression. We then review the role of biophysical factors in regulating genome architecture and cell-state transitions. Finally, we discuss the molecular basis of cell-state transitions during nuclear reprogramming. Collectively, we highlight the importance of the mechanical regulation of genome organization on cell-fate decisions.

中文翻译：

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机械调节基因组架构和细胞命运决定。

体外具有里程碑意义的实验表明，可以通过特定转录因子的组成型表达将体细胞重编程为干细胞。但是，体内细胞自然会表现出去分化和反分化程序，从而表明来自局部机械微环境的信号可能足以诱导干细胞状态转变。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基因组结构和核程序的生物物理调控的最新证据。我们首先讨论细胞结构，基因组组织和基因表达之间的耦合。然后，我们回顾了生物物理因素在调节基因组架构和细胞状态转变中的作用。最后，我们讨论了核重编程过程中细胞状态转变的分子基础。总的来说，