Like the majority of land plants, liverworts regularly form intimate symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina). Recent phylogenetic and physiological studies report that they also form intimate symbioses with Mucoromycotina fungi and that some of these, like those involving Glomeromycotina, represent nutritional mutualisms. To compare these symbioses, we carried out a global analysis of Mucoromycotina fungi in liverworts and other plants using species delimitation, ancestral reconstruction, and network analyses. We found that Mucoromycotina are more common and diverse symbionts of liverworts than previously thought, globally distributed, ancestral, and often co-occur with Glomeromycotina within plants. However, our results also suggest that the associations formed by Mucoromycotina fungi are fundamentally different because, unlike Glomeromycotina, they may have evolved multiple times and their symbiotic networks are un-nested (i.e., not forming nested subsets of species). We infer that the global Mucoromycotina symbiosis is evolutionarily and ecologically distinctive.

中文翻译：

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古代和广泛的共生藻和麦汁之间的共生体的进化和网络。

像大多数陆地植物一样，艾蒿通常与丛枝菌根真菌（Glomeromycotina）形成密切的共生关系。最近的系统发育和生理学研究报告说，它们也与毛壁霉菌真菌形成密切的共生关系，其中一些，如涉及球墨角藻的真菌，代表了营养共生。为了比较这些共生体，我们使用物种定界，祖先重建和网络分析对地草和其他植物中的毛壁线虫真菌进行了全面分析。我们发现，毛壁线虫比原先认为的更普遍和多样化的地钱，是全球分布的，祖传的，并且通常与植物中的球藻共生。但是，我们的研究结果还表明，毛霉菌真菌形成的关联在根本上是不同的，因为，与glomeromycotina不同，它们可能已经进化了多次，并且它们的共生网络是非嵌套的（即，不形成物种的嵌套子集）。我们推断，全球毛藻共生共生在进化和生态学上都是独特的。