Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem globally. Particularly concerning amongst drug‐resistant human pathogens is Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes the deadly infectious tuberculosis (TB) disease. Significant issues associated with current treatment options for drug‐resistant TB and the high rate of mortality from the disease makes the development of novel treatment options against this pathogen an urgent need. Antimicrobial peptides are part of innate immunity in all forms of life and could provide a potential solution against drug‐resistant TB. This review is a critical analysis of antimicrobial peptides that are reported to be active against the M tuberculosis complex exclusively. However, activity on non‐TB strains such as Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare, whenever available, have been included at appropriate sections for these anti‐TB peptides. Natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides of diverse sequences, along with their chemical structures, are presented, discussed, and correlated to their observed antimycobacterial activities. Critical analyses of the structure allied to the anti‐mycobacterial activity have allowed us to draw important conclusions and ideas for research and development on these promising molecules to realise their full potential. Even though the review is focussed on peptides, we have briefly summarised the structures and potency of the various small molecule drugs that are available and under development, for TB treatment.

中文翻译：

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抗结核肽综述：肽结构对抗结核活性的影响。

抗生素耐药性是全球范围内的主要公共卫生问题。在耐药人类病原体中，特别引起关注的是结核分枝杆菌，它会导致致命的传染性结核病（TB）。与当前耐药结核病治疗方案相关的重大问题以及该疾病的高死亡率，使得针对这种病原体的新型治疗方案的发展成为当务之急。抗菌肽是所有生命形式固有免疫的一部​​分，可以为抗药性结核病提供潜在的解决方案。这篇综述是对据报道仅对结核分枝杆菌复合物有活性的抗菌肽的关键分析。但是，对非结核分枝杆菌（如分枝杆菌）的活性如果有的话，这些抗结核病肽段的适当章节中会包含“胞内分枝杆菌”和“分枝杆菌”。介绍，讨论并讨论了各种序列的天然和合成抗菌肽及其化学结构，并将其与观察到的抗分枝杆菌活性相关联。对与抗分枝杆菌活性有关的结构进行了严格的分析，使我们能够为这些有前途的分子的研究和开发得出重要的结论和构想，以实现其全部潜能。即使本文的重点是肽，我们还是简要总结了可用于结核病治疗的各种小分子药物的结构和效力。