The heavy glycosylation of HIV envelope constitutes a strong defense mechanism for the virus to evade host immune response, which accounts for a major barrier for HIV vaccine development. Nevertheless, the identification of a number of glycan-dependent broadly HIV-neutralizing antibodies from HIV-infected individuals, including 2G12, PG9, PG16, PGT121-123, PGT125-128, and PGT135, strongly suggests that the defensive viral 'glycan shield' can be important targets of vaccines. The novel glycan recognition mode exhibited by these antibodies provides new templates for immunogen design. This review highlights recent work on the characterization of the glycan-dependent epitopes of these neutralizing antibodies and recent advances in the synthesis of the relevant carbohydrate antigens for HIV vaccine design.

中文翻译：

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用于 HIV 疫苗设计的合成碳水化合物抗原。

HIV 包膜的重度糖基化构成了病毒逃避宿主免疫反应的强大防御机制，这是 HIV 疫苗开发的主要障碍。尽管如此，从 HIV 感染者中鉴定出许多依赖于聚糖的广泛 HIV 中和抗体，包括 2G12、PG9、PG16、PGT121-123、PGT125-128 和 PGT135，强烈表明防御性病毒“聚糖屏蔽”可以成为疫苗的重要靶点。这些抗体所展示的新型聚糖识别模式为免疫原设计提供了新的模板。本综述重点介绍了这些中和抗体的聚糖依赖性表位表征的最新工作，以及用于 HIV 疫苗设计的相关碳水化合物抗原合成的最新进展。