Seed germination is a critical process in the life cycle of higher plants. During germination, the imbibed mature seed is highly sensitive to different environmental factors.However, knowledge about the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the environmental effects on germination has been lacking. Recent proteomic work has provided invaluable insight into the molecular processes in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zeamays), tea (Camellia sinensis), European beech (Fagus sylvatica), and Norway maple (Acer platanoides) under different treatments including metal ions (e.g. copper and cadmium), drought, low temperature, hormones, and chemicals (gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and α-amanitin), as well as Fusarium graminearum infection. A total of 561 environmental factor-responsive proteins have been identified with various expression patterns in germinating seeds. The data highlight diverse regulatory and metabolic mechanisms upon seed germination, including induction of environmental factor-responsive signaling pathways, seed storage reserve mobilization and utilization, enhancement of DNA repair and modification, regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis, modulation of cell structure, and cell defense. In this review, we summarize the interesting findings and discuss the relevance and significance for our understanding of environmental regulation of seed germination.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质组学对种子发芽的响应，以应对环境因素。

种子发芽是高等植物生命周期中的关键过程。在发芽过程中，吸收的成熟种子对不同的环境因素高度敏感，但是缺乏有关环境影响发芽的分子和生理机制的知识。最近的蛋白质组学研究工作为拟南芥，大米（Oryza sativa），大豆（Glycine max），大麦（Hordeum vulgare），玉米（Zeamays），茶（Camellia sinensis），欧洲山毛榉（Fagus）的种子发芽提供了宝贵的分子过程。 sylvatica）和挪威枫（Acer platanoides）在不同的处理方式下处理，包括金属离子（例如铜和镉），干旱，低温，激素和化学药品（赤霉素，脱落酸，水杨酸和α-amanitin）由于禾本科镰刀菌感染。在发芽的种子中已鉴定出总共561种具有各种表达方式的环境因子响应蛋白。数据突出了种子萌发时的各种调节和代谢机制，包括诱导环境因子响应信号传导途径，动员和利用种子存储储备，增强DNA修复和修饰，调节基因表达和蛋白质合成，调节细胞结构以及细胞防御。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有趣的发现，并讨论了对我们了解种子发芽的环境调控的相关性和意义。数据突出了种子萌发时的各种调节和代谢机制，包括诱导环境因子响应信号传导途径，动员和利用种子存储储备，增强DNA修复和修饰，调节基因表达和蛋白质合成，调节细胞结构以及细胞防御。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有趣的发现，并讨论了对我们了解种子发芽的环境调控的相关性和意义。数据突出了种子萌发时的各种调节和代谢机制，包括诱导环境因子响应信号传导途径，动员和利用种子存储储备，增强DNA修复和修饰，调节基因表达和蛋白质合成，调节细胞结构以及细胞防御。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有趣的发现，并讨论了对我们了解种子发芽的环境调控的相关性和意义。