In the last two decades, microbiology laboratories have radically changed by the introduction of novel technologies, like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Nevertheless, emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms represents a global threat of current medicine, being responsible for increasing mortality and health-care direct and indirect costs. In addition, the identification of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, like OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, has been changeling for clinical microbiology laboratories. Even the cost of NGS technology and MALDI-TOF MS equipment is relatively high, both technologies are increasingly used in diagnostic and research protocols. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present applications of these technologies used in clinical microbiology, especially in detection of antibiotic resistance and its surveillance, and to propose a combinatory approach of MALDI-TOF MS and NGS for the investigation of microbial associated infections.

中文翻译：

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质谱和DNA测序相结合，可在诊断实验室中检测抗生素耐药性。

在过去的二十年中，微生物实验室已经通过引入新技术而发生了根本性的变化，例如下一代测序（NGS）和基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）。然而，抗生素抗性微生物的出现代表了当前医学的全球威胁，这导致死亡率和医疗保健直接和间接成本的增加。另外，对于产生抗生素的抗微生物微生物，例如产生OXA-48碳青霉烯酶的肠杆菌科，已经在临床微生物学实验室中发生了变化。即使NGS技术和MALDI-TOF MS设备的成本相对较高，这两种技术也越来越多地用于诊断和研究协议中。因此，