Here, we briefly overview the various aspects of classic serotonergic hallucinogens reported by a number of studies. One of the key hypotheses of our paper is that the visual effects of psychedelics might play a key role in resetting fears. Namely, we especially focus on visual processes because they are among the most prominent features of hallucinogen-induced hallucinations. We hypothesize that our brain has an ancient visual-based (preverbal) intrinsic cognitive process that, during the transient inhibition of top-down convergent and abstract thinking (mediated by the prefrontal cortex) by psychedelics, can neutralize emotional fears of unconscious and conscious life experiences from the past. In these processes, the decreased functional integrity of the self-referencing processes of the default mode network, the modified multisensory integration (linked to bodily self-consciousness and self-awareness), and the modified amygdala activity may also play key roles. Moreover, the emotional reset (elimination of stress-related emotions) by psychedelics may induce psychological changes and overwrite the stress-related neuroepigenetic information of past unconscious and conscious emotional fears.

中文翻译：

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经典迷幻药：视觉系统的特殊作用

在这里，我们简要概述了许多研究报告的经典 5-羟色胺能致幻剂的各个方面。我们论文的一个关键假设是迷幻药的视觉效果可能在消除恐惧方面发挥关键作用。也就是说，我们特别关注视觉过程，因为它们是致幻剂引起的幻觉的最突出特征之一。我们假设我们的大脑有一个古老的基于视觉（前语言）的内在认知过程，在迷幻药对自上而下的收敛和抽象思维（由前额叶皮层介导）的短暂抑制期间，可以中和对无意识和有意识生活的情感恐惧过去的经验。在这些过程中，默认模式网络的自引用过程的功能完整性降低，改良的多感官整合（与身体的自我意识和自我意识相关）和改良的杏仁核活动也可能发挥关键作用。此外，迷幻剂的情绪重置（消除与压力相关的情绪）可能会引起心理变化，并覆盖过去无意识和有意识情绪恐惧的与压力相关的神经表观遗传信息。