Recovery from a stroke is a dynamic time-dependent process, in which the central nervous system reorganises to accommodate for the impact of the injury. The purpose of this paper is to review recent longitudinal studies of changes in brain connectivity after stroke. A systematic review of research papers reporting functional or effective connectivity at two or more time points in stroke patients was conducted. Stroke leads to an early reduction of connectivity in the motor network. With recovery time, the connectivity increases and can reach the same levels as in healthy participants. The increase in connectivity is correlated with functional motor gains. A new, more randomised pattern of connectivity may then emerge in the longer term. In some instances, a pattern of increased connectivity even higher than in healthy controls can be observed, and is related either to a specific time point or to a specific neural structure. Rehabilitation interventions can help improve connectivity between specific regions. Moreover, motor network connectivity undergoes reorganisation during recovery from a stroke and can be related to behavioural recovery. A detailed analysis of changes in connectivity pattern may enable a better understanding of adaptation to a stroke and how compensatory mechanisms in the brain may be supported by rehabilitation.

中文翻译：

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中风后大脑连接动力学

中风的恢复是一个动态的时间依赖性过程，中枢神经系统会重新组织以适应损伤的影响。本文的目的是回顾最近关于中风后大脑连接变化的纵向研究。对报告中风患者在两个或多个时间点的功能或有效连接的研究论文进行了系统评价。中风导致运动网络中连接性的早期减少。随着恢复时间的延长，连接性增加并可以达到与健康参与者相同的水平。连接性的增加与功能性运动增益相关。从长远来看，可能会出现一种新的、更随机的连接模式。在某些情况下，可以观察到连接性增加的模式甚至高于健康对照组，并且与特定时间点或特定神经结构有关。康复干预有助于改善特定区域之间的连通性。此外，运动网络连接在中风恢复期间经历重组，并且可能与行为恢复有关。对连接模式变化的详细分析可以更好地理解对中风的适应以及大脑中的代偿机制如何通过康复来支持。