Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid, which is frequently found in fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant potential of quercetin has been studied from subcellular compartments, that is, mitochondria to tissue levels in the brain. The neurodegeneration process initiates alongside aging of the neurons. It appears in different parts of the brain as Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies, Pick bodies, and others, which leads to Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other diseases. So far, no specific treatment has been identified for these diseases. Despite common treatments that help to prevent the development of disease, the condition of patients with progressive neurodegenerative diseases usually do not completely improve. Currently, the use of flavonoids, especially quercetin for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, has been expanded in animal models. It has also been used to treat animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, improvements in behavioral levels, as well as in cellular and molecular levels, decreased activity of antioxidant and apoptotic proteins, and increased levels of antiapoptotic proteins have been observed. Low bioavailability of quercetin has also led researchers to construct various quercetin-involved nanoparticles. The treatment of animal models of neurodegeneration using quercetin-involved nanoparticles has shown that improvements are observed in shorter periods and with use of lower concentrations. Indeed, intranasal administration of quercetin-involved nanoparticles, constructing superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and combinational treatment using nanoparticles such as quercetin and other drugs are suggested for future studies.

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槲皮素在神经系统疾病中的应用：从营养到纳米医学

槲皮素是一种多酚类黄酮类化合物，常见于水果和蔬菜中。槲皮素的抗氧化潜力已经从亚细胞区室，即线粒体到大脑中的组织水平进行了研究。神经变性过程随着神经元的老化而开始。它以Aβ斑块、神经原纤维缠结、路易体、皮克体等形式出现在大脑的不同部位，导致阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症等疾病。到目前为止，尚未确定针对这些疾病的特定治疗方法。尽管常见的治疗有助于预防疾病的发展，但患有进行性神经退行性疾病的患者的病情通常不会完全改善。目前，使用类黄酮，特别是用于治疗神经退行性疾病的槲皮素，已在动物模型中得到扩展。它还被用于治疗神经退行性疾病的动物模型。此外，已经观察到行为水平以及细胞和分子水平的改善、抗氧化和凋亡蛋白活性降低以及抗凋亡蛋白水平增加。槲皮素的低生物利用度也促使研究人员构建了各种槲皮素参与的纳米颗粒。使用槲皮素参与的纳米粒子治疗神经退行性变动物模型表明，在较短的时间内和使用较低浓度的情况下可以观察到改善。事实上，槲皮素相关纳米颗粒的鼻内给药，构建超顺磁性纳米颗粒，