Polysaccharides display most of the properties needed for applications in catalysis, adsorption or remediation. Requisites common to these applications are appropriate surface functions to ensure substrate-material interactions, accessibility of the functional groups, and proper shaping for easy manipulation. Natural polysaccharides are well known as supports for enzymatic catalysts and gelling agents in aqueous phase, due to the high level of dispersion of hydrocolloids. However, they suffer from diffusional limitations in the dry state, due to the low surface area of the dried materials generally used, xerogels or lyophilized solids. This chapter deals with the proper methods to prepare dry materials which retain the dispersion of the polymer hydrogel, namely polysaccharide aerogels. The materials whose properties are described here are stable in most organic solvents and present numerous and diverse surface functionalities (like hydroxy, carboxy, or amino groups). Shaping and appropriate drying of gelling polysaccharides provide a new opportunity to obtain materials from one of the less energy-intensive sources of biomass. Their application in catalysis and adsorption could open substantial markets for products of seaweed harvesting and coproducts of the seafood industry.

中文翻译：

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从天然多糖到催化，吸附和修复材料。

多糖具有催化，吸附或修复应用所需的大多数特性。这些应用的共同要求是适当的表面功能，以确保基材与材料之间的相互作用，官能团的可及性以及易于操作的适当形状。天然多糖由于水胶体的高分散度而众所周知作为水相中酶催化剂和胶凝剂的载体。然而，由于通常使用的干燥材料，干凝胶或冻干固体的表面积低，它们在干燥状态下受到扩散限制。本章介绍了制备干燥材料的适当方法，这些材料保留了聚合物水凝胶即多糖气凝胶的分散性。在此描述其特性的材料在大多数有机溶剂中稳定，并具有众多多样的表面官能度（例如羟基，羧基或氨基）。胶凝多糖的成型和适当干燥提供了一种从能源消耗较少的生物质资源中获取材料的新机会。它们在催化和吸附中的应用可以为海藻收获产品和海产品行业的副产品打开广阔的市场。