Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed by linking organic bridging ligands with metal-connecting points to form infinite network structures. Fine tuning the porosities of and functionalities within MOFs through judicious choices of bridging ligands and metal centers has allowed their use as efficient heterogeneous catalysts. This chapter reviews recent developments in designing porous MOFs for a variety of catalytic reactions. Following a brief introduction to MOFs and a comparison between porous MOFs and zeolites, we categorize catalytically active achiral MOFs based on the types of catalytic sites and organic transformations. The unsaturated metal-connecting points in MOFs can act as catalytic sites, so can the functional groups that are built into the framework of a porous MOF. Noble metal nanoparticles can also be entrapped inside porous MOFs for catalytic reactions. Furthermore, the channels of porous MOFs have been used as reaction hosts for photochemical and polymerization reactions. We also summarize the latest results of heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis using homochiral MOFs. Three distinct strategies have been utilized to develop homochiral MOFs for catalyzing enantioselective reactions, namely the synthesis of homochiral MOFs from achiral building blocks by seeding or by statistically manipulating the crystal growth, directing achiral ligands to form homochiral MOFs in chiral environments, and incorporating chiral linker ligands with functionalized groups. The applications of homochiral MOFs in several heterogeneous asymmetric catalytic reactions are also discussed. The ability to synthesize value-added chiral molecules using homochiral MOF catalysts differentiates them from traditional zeolite catalysis, and we believe that in the future many more homochiral MOFs will be designed for catalyzing numerous asymmetric organic transformations.

中文翻译：

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设计用于催化应用的金属有机骨架。

金属有机骨架（MOF）是通过将有机桥连配体与金属连接点相连以形成无限网络结构而构造的。通过明智地选择桥接配体和金属中心，微调MOF的孔隙率和功能性已使其可用作有效的多相催化剂。本章回顾了为各种催化反应设计多孔MOF的最新进展。在对MOF进行了简要介绍并比较了多孔MOF和沸石之后，我们根据催化位点的类型和有机转化将催化活性的非手性MOF进行了分类。MOF中的不饱和金属连接点可以充当催化位点，内置在多孔MOF框架中的官能团也可以充当催化位点。贵金属纳米粒子也可被捕获在多孔MOF中以进行催化反应。此外，多孔MOF的通道已经用作光化学和聚合反应的反应主体。我们还总结了使用同手性MOF进行多相不对称催化的最新结果。已经采用了三种不同的策略来开发用于催化对映体选择性反应的手性MOF，即通过播种或通过统计操作晶体生长从非手性结构单元合成手性MOF，指导手性配体在手性环境中形成手性MOF，并引入手性连接体。具有官能团的配体。还讨论了同手性MOF在几种非均相不对称催化反应中的应用。