Plants are non-mobile organisms and have to adapt to environmental stresses mostly by modulating their growth and development in addition to physiological and biochemical changes. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate genome expression in response to environmental and physiological signals, and some of them switch on plant adaptive developmental and physiological pathways. One TF is encoded by a single gene but regulates the expression of several other genes leading to the activation of complex adaptive mechanisms and hence represents major molecular targets to genetically improve the tolerance of crop plants against different stresses. In this review an updated account of the discovery of TFs involved in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in the model monocotyledonous plant, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is presented. We illustrate how the elucidation of the function of these TFs can be used to set up genetic engineering strategies and to rationalize molecular breeding using molecular assisted selection towards enhancement of rice tolerance to various stresses. Attempts have also been made to provide information on the molecular mechanisms involved in stress resistance or tolerance processes. We discuss how the comparison of the action of TFs isolated from the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in rice and vice versa can contribute to determine whether common or divergent mechanisms underlie stress tolerance in the two plant species. Lastly, we discuss the necessity to discover TFs controlling specifically the root adaptive development which constitutes a major way for the plant to escape to several stresses such as water deficit or mineral nutrient deficiency.

中文翻译：

---

通过转录因子调节水稻的抗逆性。

植物是不可移动的生物，除了生理和生化变化外，还必须通过调节其生长和发育来适应环境压力。转录因子（TFs）响应环境和生理信号调节基因组表达，其中一些会开启植物适应性发育和生理途径。一个TF由单个基因编码，但调节其他几个基因的表达，从而导致复杂的适应性机制的激活，因此代表了主要的分子靶标，可通过遗传途径提高农作物对不同胁迫的耐受性。在这篇综述中，提供了有关模型单子叶植物水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中涉及生物和非生物胁迫耐受性的TFs发现的最新报道。我们说明如何阐明这些TF的功能可用于建立基因工程策略并使用分子辅助选择来增强水稻对各种胁迫的耐受性，从而合理化分子育种。还尝试提供有关抗逆性或耐受性过程中涉及的分子机制的信息。我们讨论比较从水稻中的双子叶植物模型拟南芥中分离出的TF的作用，反之亦然如何有助于确定在这两种植物的胁迫耐受性中共有还是不同的机制。最后，