Analysis of transcription profiles has been the focus of genome wide characterization of gene expression during the last decade. Downstream of transcription, regulation of translation represents a less explored step in the gene expression pathway. Differential translation can be caused by differential ribosome recruitment, translational elongation or termination although the ribosome recruitment step is thought to be the major source of differential translation. Genome wide studies of differential translation through analysis of ribosome recruitment in a variety of model systems indicate better correlation to protein levels as compared to transcriptional regulation. These studies also indicate translational control as a major transcript specific regulation step. Here we review the current literature on genome wide regulation of ribosome recruitment. We conclude that without considering regulation of ribosome recruitment, important information regarding the links between gene expression and protein levels is lost and that ribosome recruitment will be an integral part of a systems level understanding for regulation of gene expression.

中文翻译：

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基因表达-是时候改变观点了吗？

在过去的十年中，转录谱的分析一直是基因表达的全基因组表征的重点。在转录的下游，翻译的调节代表了基因表达途径中较少探索的步骤。差异翻译可能由差异核糖体募集，翻译延伸或终止引起，尽管核糖体募集步骤被认为是差异翻译的主要来源。通过分析各种模型系统中核糖体募集的差异翻译，全基因组研究表明，与转录调控相比，蛋白质水平具有更好的相关性。这些研究还表明翻译控制是主要的转录物特异性调控步骤。在这里，我们回顾了有关核糖体募集的全基因组调控的最新文献。我们得出的结论是，如果不考虑调节核糖体募集，就会丢失有关基因表达与蛋白质水平之间联系的重要信息，而核糖体募集将成为系统级对基因表达进行调控的重要组成部分。